,1. Whyareabroadperspectiveandaninterdisciplinaryapproach requiredfor bfbf
understandingthebrain?Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Understandingthebrainisafocusedareainnaturalsciencewiththebrainserving ,j
asthecommonpointoffocus.
B) Understandingthebrainrequiresknowledgeaboutmanythings,fromthestructure
ofthewatermoleculetotheelectricalandchemicalpropertiesofthebrain.
C) Understandingthebrainrequiresthestudyofthedifferentspeciesofthebrain.
D) Understandingthebrainrequirestheanalysisofoneapproachatatimetoyieldanew
,j ,j ,j ,j
synthesis.
2. Galen'sstudyofsheepbrainswasthebasisforatheoryofbrainfunctionthatprevailedfor ,j ,j
almost1500years.Whichofthefollowingrepresentsthisview?Choosethecorrect
,j
option.
A) Theheartasthecenterofintellectandthebrainasthecoolingsystem ,j
B) Localizationofbrainfunctioninthecerebrumandcerebellum ,j
C) Mind–brainduality
D) Parcelingthecerebrumintolobes
,j
3. Whatis―mind–brainproblem‖?Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Individually,humanmentalcapacitiesexistinthemindthatisoutsidethebrain.
,j ,j
B) Themindisthesame asthebrain.
,j
C) Bothanimalsandpeoplepossessintellectand aGod-givensoul.
,j ,j
D) Thepinealglandisaspiritualentity.
4. Whatnotionwasdisplacedbytheconceptofnervesbeingdescribedaswires?Choose ,j
thecorrectoption.
A) Nervesarechannelsthatcommunicatewiththebrainbythemovementoffluids.
B) Musclescanbetwitchedwhennervesarestimulatedelectricallyandthebrainitself
maygenerateelectricity.
C) Signalstothemusclescausingmovementusethesamewiresasthosethatregister
,j
sensationsfrom the skin. j bfbf
D) Nervesconductelectricalsignalstoandfromthebrain. ,j
5. ThecombinedworkofBellandMagendierevealedafundamentalfactaboutthespinal
,j ,j j,
nerves.Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Spinalnervesaremyelinated.
B) Spinalnervesarebundlesofsensoryand motornerves,andineachsensoryandmotor j, ,j ,j
nervefiber,transmissionisstrictlyone-way. j
C) Spinalnervesarenothollowtubescarryingfluid.
D) Bothhumansandanimalshavespinalnerves.j,
Page
,6. ForwhatpurposedidFranzJoseph Gallstudythedimensionsofthehumanhead?
bfbf
Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Tounderstandthepropensityforcertainpersonalitytraits
B) Todemonstrateequalparticipationofallregionsofthebraininallcerebral
,j
functions
C) Toshowthatnervesconductelectricalsignalstoandfromthebrain
D) Toshowthatuniquehumanmentalcapabilitiesexistoutsidethebrain
7. OnwhatbasisdidBrocadefendfunctionallocalizationofthebrain?Choosethecorrect
option.
A) Byestablishinga relationshipbetweentheproductionofspeechandtheright
,j
frontallobe
B) Byestablishinga relationshipbetweentheproductionofspeechandtheoccipital
,j bf
lobe
C) Byestablishingarelationshipbetweentheproductionofspeechandtheleftfrontal
,j ,j
lobe
D) Byestablishingarelationshipbetweentheproductionofspeechandthecerebellum
,j bf
8. Towhom canweattributethetheorythatbehaviorisamongtheheritabletraitsthatcan
j, ,j ,j
develop?Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Marie-Jean-PierreFlourens
B) CharlesDarwin
C) GustavFritschandEdwardHitzig
D) FranzJosephGall
9. Whichofthefollowingisacorrectexplanationofadisorderthataffectsthenervous
j, ,j
system?Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Cerebralpalsyisamotordisordercausedbydamagetothecerebrumbefore,
during,orsoonafterbirth.
B) Epilepsyisaprogressivediseasethataffectsnerveconduction,characterizedby
episodesofweakness,lackofcoordination,andspeechdisturbance.
C) Strokeinvolvesalossoffeelingandmovementcausedbytraumaticdamagetothe
spinalcord.
D) Alzheimer'sdiseaseisaseverepsychoticillnesscharacterizedbydelusions,
hallucinations,andbizarrebehavior.
,j
Page
, 10. Aneuroscientistisinvestigatinghowdifferentneuralcircuitsinthebrainanalyzesensory
,j ,j
information,formperceptionsoftheexternalworld,makedecisions,andexecute ,j
movements.Atwhatlevelofanalysisisthisresearchconducted?Choosethe
,j ,j
correct option.
bf
A) Molecularneurosciencelevel
B) Cellularneurosciencelevel
C) Systemsneurosciencelevel
D) Cognitiveneurosciencelevel
11. Whatistherationalebehindtheuseofanimalmodelstounderstandthehumanbrain?
j, j,
Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Animalbrainsareidenticaltohumanbrainsbutonlysmallerinsize.
B) Brainmechanismsthatmotivateanyreactionareidenticalinanimalandhuman
brains.
C) Thenervoussystemsofdifferentspeciesofanimalsandhumanssharemany
commonmechanisms.
D) Animalbrainsareeasiertoobtainthanhumanbrains.
12. Howdoneuroscientistsidentifythepartsofthebrainthatarespecializedfordifferent
,j ,j ,j
behavioralfunctionsrelatedtothenicheaspeciesnormallyoccupies?Choosethe
correct option.
bf
A) Bystudyingthesimilaritiesinresponsepatterntofearindifferentspecies
,j ,j
B) Bystudying neuronsoneatatime j bf
C) Bycomparingthespecializationsofthebrainsofdifferent species bfbf
D) Bysystematicallydestroyingeachpart ofthebrainandstudyingitsimplication j,
13. Atwhichlevelofanalysisdoneuroscientistsstudythedifferenttypesofneuronsand
j,
theirfunctions?Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Cellularneuroscience
B) Cognitiveneuroscience
C) Molecularneuroscience
D) Behavioralneuroscience ,j
14. Whatisthedifferencebetweenreplicationandverification?Choosethecorrect option. j
A) Replicationtestsahypothesis,whereasverificationrechecksthehypothesis.
,j ,j
B) Replicationcanonlybedoneonce,whereasverificationcanbedonemanytimes.
,j
C) Replicationisrepeatingtheexperimentinothersubjectstoruleoutthepossibilityof
,j
chance.Inverification,theexperimentisrepeatedandthesameobservationsare ,j ,j ,j
obtainedbyanyscientistfollowingthesameprotocolastheoriginal observer. bf
D) Replicationandverificationarenotessentiallydifferent.
,j
Page
understandingthebrain?Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Understandingthebrainisafocusedareainnaturalsciencewiththebrainserving ,j
asthecommonpointoffocus.
B) Understandingthebrainrequiresknowledgeaboutmanythings,fromthestructure
ofthewatermoleculetotheelectricalandchemicalpropertiesofthebrain.
C) Understandingthebrainrequiresthestudyofthedifferentspeciesofthebrain.
D) Understandingthebrainrequirestheanalysisofoneapproachatatimetoyieldanew
,j ,j ,j ,j
synthesis.
2. Galen'sstudyofsheepbrainswasthebasisforatheoryofbrainfunctionthatprevailedfor ,j ,j
almost1500years.Whichofthefollowingrepresentsthisview?Choosethecorrect
,j
option.
A) Theheartasthecenterofintellectandthebrainasthecoolingsystem ,j
B) Localizationofbrainfunctioninthecerebrumandcerebellum ,j
C) Mind–brainduality
D) Parcelingthecerebrumintolobes
,j
3. Whatis―mind–brainproblem‖?Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Individually,humanmentalcapacitiesexistinthemindthatisoutsidethebrain.
,j ,j
B) Themindisthesame asthebrain.
,j
C) Bothanimalsandpeoplepossessintellectand aGod-givensoul.
,j ,j
D) Thepinealglandisaspiritualentity.
4. Whatnotionwasdisplacedbytheconceptofnervesbeingdescribedaswires?Choose ,j
thecorrectoption.
A) Nervesarechannelsthatcommunicatewiththebrainbythemovementoffluids.
B) Musclescanbetwitchedwhennervesarestimulatedelectricallyandthebrainitself
maygenerateelectricity.
C) Signalstothemusclescausingmovementusethesamewiresasthosethatregister
,j
sensationsfrom the skin. j bfbf
D) Nervesconductelectricalsignalstoandfromthebrain. ,j
5. ThecombinedworkofBellandMagendierevealedafundamentalfactaboutthespinal
,j ,j j,
nerves.Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Spinalnervesaremyelinated.
B) Spinalnervesarebundlesofsensoryand motornerves,andineachsensoryandmotor j, ,j ,j
nervefiber,transmissionisstrictlyone-way. j
C) Spinalnervesarenothollowtubescarryingfluid.
D) Bothhumansandanimalshavespinalnerves.j,
Page
,6. ForwhatpurposedidFranzJoseph Gallstudythedimensionsofthehumanhead?
bfbf
Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Tounderstandthepropensityforcertainpersonalitytraits
B) Todemonstrateequalparticipationofallregionsofthebraininallcerebral
,j
functions
C) Toshowthatnervesconductelectricalsignalstoandfromthebrain
D) Toshowthatuniquehumanmentalcapabilitiesexistoutsidethebrain
7. OnwhatbasisdidBrocadefendfunctionallocalizationofthebrain?Choosethecorrect
option.
A) Byestablishinga relationshipbetweentheproductionofspeechandtheright
,j
frontallobe
B) Byestablishinga relationshipbetweentheproductionofspeechandtheoccipital
,j bf
lobe
C) Byestablishingarelationshipbetweentheproductionofspeechandtheleftfrontal
,j ,j
lobe
D) Byestablishingarelationshipbetweentheproductionofspeechandthecerebellum
,j bf
8. Towhom canweattributethetheorythatbehaviorisamongtheheritabletraitsthatcan
j, ,j ,j
develop?Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Marie-Jean-PierreFlourens
B) CharlesDarwin
C) GustavFritschandEdwardHitzig
D) FranzJosephGall
9. Whichofthefollowingisacorrectexplanationofadisorderthataffectsthenervous
j, ,j
system?Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Cerebralpalsyisamotordisordercausedbydamagetothecerebrumbefore,
during,orsoonafterbirth.
B) Epilepsyisaprogressivediseasethataffectsnerveconduction,characterizedby
episodesofweakness,lackofcoordination,andspeechdisturbance.
C) Strokeinvolvesalossoffeelingandmovementcausedbytraumaticdamagetothe
spinalcord.
D) Alzheimer'sdiseaseisaseverepsychoticillnesscharacterizedbydelusions,
hallucinations,andbizarrebehavior.
,j
Page
, 10. Aneuroscientistisinvestigatinghowdifferentneuralcircuitsinthebrainanalyzesensory
,j ,j
information,formperceptionsoftheexternalworld,makedecisions,andexecute ,j
movements.Atwhatlevelofanalysisisthisresearchconducted?Choosethe
,j ,j
correct option.
bf
A) Molecularneurosciencelevel
B) Cellularneurosciencelevel
C) Systemsneurosciencelevel
D) Cognitiveneurosciencelevel
11. Whatistherationalebehindtheuseofanimalmodelstounderstandthehumanbrain?
j, j,
Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Animalbrainsareidenticaltohumanbrainsbutonlysmallerinsize.
B) Brainmechanismsthatmotivateanyreactionareidenticalinanimalandhuman
brains.
C) Thenervoussystemsofdifferentspeciesofanimalsandhumanssharemany
commonmechanisms.
D) Animalbrainsareeasiertoobtainthanhumanbrains.
12. Howdoneuroscientistsidentifythepartsofthebrainthatarespecializedfordifferent
,j ,j ,j
behavioralfunctionsrelatedtothenicheaspeciesnormallyoccupies?Choosethe
correct option.
bf
A) Bystudyingthesimilaritiesinresponsepatterntofearindifferentspecies
,j ,j
B) Bystudying neuronsoneatatime j bf
C) Bycomparingthespecializationsofthebrainsofdifferent species bfbf
D) Bysystematicallydestroyingeachpart ofthebrainandstudyingitsimplication j,
13. Atwhichlevelofanalysisdoneuroscientistsstudythedifferenttypesofneuronsand
j,
theirfunctions?Choosethecorrectoption.
A) Cellularneuroscience
B) Cognitiveneuroscience
C) Molecularneuroscience
D) Behavioralneuroscience ,j
14. Whatisthedifferencebetweenreplicationandverification?Choosethecorrect option. j
A) Replicationtestsahypothesis,whereasverificationrechecksthehypothesis.
,j ,j
B) Replicationcanonlybedoneonce,whereasverificationcanbedonemanytimes.
,j
C) Replicationisrepeatingtheexperimentinothersubjectstoruleoutthepossibilityof
,j
chance.Inverification,theexperimentisrepeatedandthesameobservationsare ,j ,j ,j
obtainedbyanyscientistfollowingthesameprotocolastheoriginal observer. bf
D) Replicationandverificationarenotessentiallydifferent.
,j
Page
