NURS 221 FINAL EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Chain of infection - ANS infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission,
portal of entry, susceptible host
How to break infectious agent link - ANS accurate identification of the microorganism and
interrupting its ability to infect
how to break reservoir link - ANS cleaning, disinfecting or sterilizing
how to break portal of exit link - ANS PPE, hand hygiene, safe waste disposal
how to break transmission link - ANS -hand hygiene, cleaning, disinfection, airflow control
how to break portal of entry - ANS aseptic technique when providing wound and catheter
care
ways to brink susceptible host link - ANS vaccination, identifying high risk clients, healthy
lifestyle
important defences against infection - ANS -skin and normal flora
-body system defences
-inflammatory response
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,factors that increase susceptibility to infection - ANS -age, nutritional status, known
microorganisms, stress
most important and basic technique in preventing infection - ANS hand hygiene
isolation is also known as - ANS additional precautions
droplet precaution PPE - ANS gown, gloves, mask
contact precaution PPE - ANS gown and gloves
airborne precaution PPE - ANS gown, gloves, mask (N-95), face shield if needed/avaliable
three major dimensions of concern relative to an individuals functional ability - ANS -risk
recognition
-functional assessment
-planning and delivery of individualized care appropriate to level of function ability
ADL's - ANS -usually performed in the course of a normal day
-ambulation, eating, dressing, bathing, toileting, brushing teeth, grooming
instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) - ANS -more complex
-shopping, preparing meals, managing finances, taking meds
posture - ANS arrangement of the body in space
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, body alignment - ANS the action of keeping the body in a state of normal position
which side of the body should a cane be used on - ANS stronger side
functional ability - ANS -Cognitive, social, physical, and emotional ability to carry out the
normal activities of life
represents continuum from full function to lack of function
crutches are not usually used with - ANS older adults
-no upper body strength
patent safety - ANS pursuit of reduction and mitigation of unsafe acts within the healthcare
system as well as use of best practices
how to maintain proper body alignment - ANS widening your base of support and bringing
the centre of gravity to the base of support
fall - ANS results in a person coming to rest inadvertently on the ground or floor or other
lower level with or without injury
risk factors for fall - ANS -modifiable or non modifiable (age)
-poor communication can also be a factor
tools to identify patients that are at risk for falls - ANS -functional gait assessment
-hendrich fall risk model II
-St Thomas Assessment Tool
-schmid fall risk assessment tool
-more fall risk assessment
3 Copyright ©2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
AND ANSWERS
Chain of infection - ANS infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission,
portal of entry, susceptible host
How to break infectious agent link - ANS accurate identification of the microorganism and
interrupting its ability to infect
how to break reservoir link - ANS cleaning, disinfecting or sterilizing
how to break portal of exit link - ANS PPE, hand hygiene, safe waste disposal
how to break transmission link - ANS -hand hygiene, cleaning, disinfection, airflow control
how to break portal of entry - ANS aseptic technique when providing wound and catheter
care
ways to brink susceptible host link - ANS vaccination, identifying high risk clients, healthy
lifestyle
important defences against infection - ANS -skin and normal flora
-body system defences
-inflammatory response
1 Copyright ©2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
,factors that increase susceptibility to infection - ANS -age, nutritional status, known
microorganisms, stress
most important and basic technique in preventing infection - ANS hand hygiene
isolation is also known as - ANS additional precautions
droplet precaution PPE - ANS gown, gloves, mask
contact precaution PPE - ANS gown and gloves
airborne precaution PPE - ANS gown, gloves, mask (N-95), face shield if needed/avaliable
three major dimensions of concern relative to an individuals functional ability - ANS -risk
recognition
-functional assessment
-planning and delivery of individualized care appropriate to level of function ability
ADL's - ANS -usually performed in the course of a normal day
-ambulation, eating, dressing, bathing, toileting, brushing teeth, grooming
instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) - ANS -more complex
-shopping, preparing meals, managing finances, taking meds
posture - ANS arrangement of the body in space
2 Copyright ©2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
, body alignment - ANS the action of keeping the body in a state of normal position
which side of the body should a cane be used on - ANS stronger side
functional ability - ANS -Cognitive, social, physical, and emotional ability to carry out the
normal activities of life
represents continuum from full function to lack of function
crutches are not usually used with - ANS older adults
-no upper body strength
patent safety - ANS pursuit of reduction and mitigation of unsafe acts within the healthcare
system as well as use of best practices
how to maintain proper body alignment - ANS widening your base of support and bringing
the centre of gravity to the base of support
fall - ANS results in a person coming to rest inadvertently on the ground or floor or other
lower level with or without injury
risk factors for fall - ANS -modifiable or non modifiable (age)
-poor communication can also be a factor
tools to identify patients that are at risk for falls - ANS -functional gait assessment
-hendrich fall risk model II
-St Thomas Assessment Tool
-schmid fall risk assessment tool
-more fall risk assessment
3 Copyright ©2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
