NR511 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Muscle strains - CORRECT ANSWER - •Strain-can be due to not warming up prior to
exercise; Teachable moment when the patient presents with a strain is just to suggest stretching
and warm-up exercises prior to the full exercise routine
Bacterial Prostatitis - CORRECT ANSWER -•
•Note: The etiology of urethral discharge or difficulty voiding can include acute and chronic
prostatitis and prostatic abscess. Young adult males in their 20s usually have acute prostatitis
from gonorrhea or other bacterial infections.
•The rectal examination should be performed gently because vigorous manipulation of the
prostate can result in septicemia. Therefore, prostatic massage is contraindicated.
•Acute bacterial prostatitis is always associated with a UTI and has a characteristically abrupt
onset. Fever, chills, low back pain, tenesmus, and urinary complaints typical of UTI are
common.
inflammatory bowel disease - CORRECT ANSWER - disease-the mucosal surface of the
colon is inflamed
inflammatory bowel disease - CORRECT ANSWER - •Results in friability, erosions, and
bleeding
inflammatory bowel disease - CORRECT ANSWER - •Occurs in the rectum and sigmoid
colon
•Characterized by bloody and purulent diarrhea
inflammatory bowel disease - CORRECT ANSWER - •total colectomy is a treatment
option that can completely resolve this problem.
,Diverticulitis - CORRECT ANSWER - bleeding not associated with pain or discomfort.
Diverticulitis - CORRECT ANSWER - localized pain and tenderness in the LLQ of the
abdomen with associated anorexia, nausea and vomiting
Diverticulitis - CORRECT ANSWER - •High-fiber diet is best management
C. difficile - CORRECT ANSWER - •Infection of the large intestine
C. diff - CORRECT ANSWER - •Exists in air, water, soil, processed food and human
feces
•Causes profuse, watery, mucoid diarrhea
Mild C. Diff - CORRECT ANSWER - -Watery diarrhea three or more times/day for two
or more days
Severe C. diff - CORRECT ANSWER - -Watery diarrhea (10-15 stools/day)
-Strong foul odor
-Acute abdomen secondary to toxic megacolon with perforation
-Abdominal distention
-Fever
-Nausea/vomiting/dehydration requiring hospitalization
-Blood or pus in the stools (severe cases)
Enzyme-linked immunodeficiency assay (ELISA): - CORRECT ANSWER - identifies
toxins that produce C. diff bacteria
Cell cytotoxicity assay - CORRECT ANSWER - identifies the effects of bacterial toxins
on human cells
, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): - CORRECT ANSWER - detects bacterial genes
Endoscopy - CORRECT ANSWER - if the patient is unresponsive to treatment; will show
pseudomembranes that suggest c-diff infection
C. diff treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - •Metronidazole
•Probiotics- to restore the healthy growth of normal GI bacteria
•Colectomy in severe cases
•Maintain fluids
•Clear liquid diet
•Eat starchy foods to prevent diarrhea
•Avoid caffeine, spicy foods, milk and greasy foods
•May require a GI consult
Gerd - CORRECT ANSWER - Symptoms occur at night with regurgitation; heartburn is
classic for GERD (mild to severe).
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) - CORRECT ANSWER - •, including
regurgitation, water brash (reflex salivation), sour taste in the mouth in the morning,
odynophagia, belching, coughing, hoarseness, or wheezing, usually at night.
endoscopy - CORRECT ANSWER - • If patient has been treated with diet modifications
and 6 weeks of omeprazole without improvement of symptoms, the next step is an
GERD teaching - CORRECT ANSWER - •Patients should be instructed to avoid coffee,
alcohol, chocolate, peppermint, and spicy foods; eat smaller meals; stop smoking; remain upright
for 2 hours after meals; elevate the head of the bed on 6- to 8-in blocks; and refrain from eating
for 3 hours before retiring.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Muscle strains - CORRECT ANSWER - •Strain-can be due to not warming up prior to
exercise; Teachable moment when the patient presents with a strain is just to suggest stretching
and warm-up exercises prior to the full exercise routine
Bacterial Prostatitis - CORRECT ANSWER -•
•Note: The etiology of urethral discharge or difficulty voiding can include acute and chronic
prostatitis and prostatic abscess. Young adult males in their 20s usually have acute prostatitis
from gonorrhea or other bacterial infections.
•The rectal examination should be performed gently because vigorous manipulation of the
prostate can result in septicemia. Therefore, prostatic massage is contraindicated.
•Acute bacterial prostatitis is always associated with a UTI and has a characteristically abrupt
onset. Fever, chills, low back pain, tenesmus, and urinary complaints typical of UTI are
common.
inflammatory bowel disease - CORRECT ANSWER - disease-the mucosal surface of the
colon is inflamed
inflammatory bowel disease - CORRECT ANSWER - •Results in friability, erosions, and
bleeding
inflammatory bowel disease - CORRECT ANSWER - •Occurs in the rectum and sigmoid
colon
•Characterized by bloody and purulent diarrhea
inflammatory bowel disease - CORRECT ANSWER - •total colectomy is a treatment
option that can completely resolve this problem.
,Diverticulitis - CORRECT ANSWER - bleeding not associated with pain or discomfort.
Diverticulitis - CORRECT ANSWER - localized pain and tenderness in the LLQ of the
abdomen with associated anorexia, nausea and vomiting
Diverticulitis - CORRECT ANSWER - •High-fiber diet is best management
C. difficile - CORRECT ANSWER - •Infection of the large intestine
C. diff - CORRECT ANSWER - •Exists in air, water, soil, processed food and human
feces
•Causes profuse, watery, mucoid diarrhea
Mild C. Diff - CORRECT ANSWER - -Watery diarrhea three or more times/day for two
or more days
Severe C. diff - CORRECT ANSWER - -Watery diarrhea (10-15 stools/day)
-Strong foul odor
-Acute abdomen secondary to toxic megacolon with perforation
-Abdominal distention
-Fever
-Nausea/vomiting/dehydration requiring hospitalization
-Blood or pus in the stools (severe cases)
Enzyme-linked immunodeficiency assay (ELISA): - CORRECT ANSWER - identifies
toxins that produce C. diff bacteria
Cell cytotoxicity assay - CORRECT ANSWER - identifies the effects of bacterial toxins
on human cells
, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): - CORRECT ANSWER - detects bacterial genes
Endoscopy - CORRECT ANSWER - if the patient is unresponsive to treatment; will show
pseudomembranes that suggest c-diff infection
C. diff treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - •Metronidazole
•Probiotics- to restore the healthy growth of normal GI bacteria
•Colectomy in severe cases
•Maintain fluids
•Clear liquid diet
•Eat starchy foods to prevent diarrhea
•Avoid caffeine, spicy foods, milk and greasy foods
•May require a GI consult
Gerd - CORRECT ANSWER - Symptoms occur at night with regurgitation; heartburn is
classic for GERD (mild to severe).
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) - CORRECT ANSWER - •, including
regurgitation, water brash (reflex salivation), sour taste in the mouth in the morning,
odynophagia, belching, coughing, hoarseness, or wheezing, usually at night.
endoscopy - CORRECT ANSWER - • If patient has been treated with diet modifications
and 6 weeks of omeprazole without improvement of symptoms, the next step is an
GERD teaching - CORRECT ANSWER - •Patients should be instructed to avoid coffee,
alcohol, chocolate, peppermint, and spicy foods; eat smaller meals; stop smoking; remain upright
for 2 hours after meals; elevate the head of the bed on 6- to 8-in blocks; and refrain from eating
for 3 hours before retiring.
