of state
Internal energy
● Real gases: internal energy = kinetic energy + potential energy (intermolecular
forces)
Ideal gases: internal energy = kinetic energy
Change of state
● (for “real” matter ONLY) when a substance changes state, BOTH internal + potential
energies (of its molecules) increase BUT NOT kinetic energy (that’s why temperature
stays constant until it’s fully changed state)
Specific latent heat
● ∆ E=L ∆ m
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