Pediatric Nursing
Examples of stress experienced by toddlers ✔✔1. separation anxiety from parents,
grief reactions
2. regression
3. refusal to eat
4. difficulty sleeping
Three phases of separation anxiety and behavioral responses exhibited during each
phase ✔✔1. protest; clings to parent to force them to stay
2. despair, inactive + withdrawn and regress
3. detachment, denial, after prolonged separation , denies need for parents lvoe,
affection to nurses
Nursing interventions to reduce separation anxiety ✔✔1. encourage family contact
2. familiar belonging brought from home
3. provide therapeutic play
4. accept regression
5. consistent routine with familiar staff
6. extra cuddling and holding
Example of a coping strategy found amongst toddlers when in stress ✔✔throwing
games
List the major developmental tasks for toddlers ✔✔1. development of autonomy
2.. control environment
3. act of movement with no restraining
Identify examples of collaborative efforts to assist toddlers with control and mobility
✔✔1. assist child with ambulation within their control
2. throwing games, vent frustrations
3. child life specialist, modified toys
4. physical therapist, promote strength and flexibility
List nursing interventions used to prepare a toddle for a procedure ✔✔1. brief
explanations, 5-10 mins, emphasize what the child will see, hear, taste, or feel
2. see age appropriate videos with parents
3. comfort by use of bandages to stop bleeding, avoid deception to gain compliance
Identify the initial step to effective pain management and special considerations
made for a toddler ✔✔1. assessment, meaning of hurt, what word is used for pain
2. prior pain experience
3. what does your child do when she/he is hurting
4. anything special that need to know about the child in pain
,List behavioral cues demonstrated by a a toddler when experiencing pain ✔✔1.
frowning
2. crying
2. restlessness
List physiological cues demonstrated by a toddler when experiencing pain. ✔✔1.
rapid pulse
2. rapid respiration
3. perspiration
Identify nursing interventions used for pain management with a toddler ✔✔1. form
of relaxation, deep breaths
2. form of distraction
3. transport to treatment room for treatments
4. medical personnel restrains, not parents
5. the parents presence
6. explain in a a few simple words
7. administration of pain meds
Provide examples of fostering autonomy and independence when planning for
discharge ✔✔1. select favoring snacks
2. help with dressing change
3. allow playing if on bed rest ( can play near bed)
4. continue to perform toileting and hygiene skills
5. toys for psychosocial development
6. give independence and allow exploration within safe guidelines
List seven reliable devices for accurately measuring and administering oral meds
✔✔*measuring spoon
*plastic syringes
*calibrated nipple
*plastic medicine cup
*calibrated dropper
*hollow handles medicine spoon
*medicine bottle used to delivery oral meds via syringe
Six methods of med administration that encourage child's acceptance ✔✔1.
flavored ice pop/small ice cube to suck to numb tongue
2. mix drop with a small about (1tsp) of sweet tasting substance
NO honey until age 1 year
3. give a chase of water, juice, soft drink
4. if n/v is a problem, give a carbonated beverage poured over finely crushed ice
before or after
5. when unpleasant tastes pinch the nose and drink med thru a straw
6. have pharmacist prepare drug in a flavored chewable lozenge
7. infants will suck forma needless syringe
, What two types of meds should never be crushed and why? ✔✔*enteric or
protected coating; could irritate the stomach; this type of tables is absorbed by small
intestine
*Slow release- could be absorbed more rapidly
If med must be crushed what type of food should never be used? ✔✔Honey in
infants due to botulism
2 methods of restraining for infant or toddler receiving IM injection in vastus lateralis
✔✔1. body of larger infant can be securely held between the nurses arm and body
2. swaddle baby leaving the part of the extremity out that is receiving the injection
List six meds that should be reviewed by 2 profession nurses before administration
to infant/child ✔✔*digoxin
*chemotherapeutic agents
*insulin
*epinephrine
*opoids
*sedatives
According to Ericksons theory of development why would a toddler view
hospitalization as a punishment? ✔✔Ritualism the need to maintain sameness and
reliability provides sense of comfort. without ritu8als little opportunity to exert
autonomy. consequently regression and dependency occurs
Hearing test for newborn ✔✔OAE- Otoacoustive Emission measures intensity
sound from the cochlear hair cells in response to clicks from a probe placed in the
ear canal
does not detect neural damage
Detects inner hearing loss
does not detect damage to cranial nerve
Parallel play ✔✔two toddlers playing side by side, no interaction or sharing
What to you give to a child who has taken too much tylenol ✔✔mico
Parenting Styles ✔✔Authoritarian
authoritative
permissive
indifferent
Authoritarian ✔✔High control, low warmth
Highly controlling/expect to be obeyed/little communication
permits little independence
Child outcome:
no negotiation skills, no ability to direct and initiate own activities, frustrated in
efforts to achieve autonomy, girls passive, boys aggressive
Examples of stress experienced by toddlers ✔✔1. separation anxiety from parents,
grief reactions
2. regression
3. refusal to eat
4. difficulty sleeping
Three phases of separation anxiety and behavioral responses exhibited during each
phase ✔✔1. protest; clings to parent to force them to stay
2. despair, inactive + withdrawn and regress
3. detachment, denial, after prolonged separation , denies need for parents lvoe,
affection to nurses
Nursing interventions to reduce separation anxiety ✔✔1. encourage family contact
2. familiar belonging brought from home
3. provide therapeutic play
4. accept regression
5. consistent routine with familiar staff
6. extra cuddling and holding
Example of a coping strategy found amongst toddlers when in stress ✔✔throwing
games
List the major developmental tasks for toddlers ✔✔1. development of autonomy
2.. control environment
3. act of movement with no restraining
Identify examples of collaborative efforts to assist toddlers with control and mobility
✔✔1. assist child with ambulation within their control
2. throwing games, vent frustrations
3. child life specialist, modified toys
4. physical therapist, promote strength and flexibility
List nursing interventions used to prepare a toddle for a procedure ✔✔1. brief
explanations, 5-10 mins, emphasize what the child will see, hear, taste, or feel
2. see age appropriate videos with parents
3. comfort by use of bandages to stop bleeding, avoid deception to gain compliance
Identify the initial step to effective pain management and special considerations
made for a toddler ✔✔1. assessment, meaning of hurt, what word is used for pain
2. prior pain experience
3. what does your child do when she/he is hurting
4. anything special that need to know about the child in pain
,List behavioral cues demonstrated by a a toddler when experiencing pain ✔✔1.
frowning
2. crying
2. restlessness
List physiological cues demonstrated by a toddler when experiencing pain. ✔✔1.
rapid pulse
2. rapid respiration
3. perspiration
Identify nursing interventions used for pain management with a toddler ✔✔1. form
of relaxation, deep breaths
2. form of distraction
3. transport to treatment room for treatments
4. medical personnel restrains, not parents
5. the parents presence
6. explain in a a few simple words
7. administration of pain meds
Provide examples of fostering autonomy and independence when planning for
discharge ✔✔1. select favoring snacks
2. help with dressing change
3. allow playing if on bed rest ( can play near bed)
4. continue to perform toileting and hygiene skills
5. toys for psychosocial development
6. give independence and allow exploration within safe guidelines
List seven reliable devices for accurately measuring and administering oral meds
✔✔*measuring spoon
*plastic syringes
*calibrated nipple
*plastic medicine cup
*calibrated dropper
*hollow handles medicine spoon
*medicine bottle used to delivery oral meds via syringe
Six methods of med administration that encourage child's acceptance ✔✔1.
flavored ice pop/small ice cube to suck to numb tongue
2. mix drop with a small about (1tsp) of sweet tasting substance
NO honey until age 1 year
3. give a chase of water, juice, soft drink
4. if n/v is a problem, give a carbonated beverage poured over finely crushed ice
before or after
5. when unpleasant tastes pinch the nose and drink med thru a straw
6. have pharmacist prepare drug in a flavored chewable lozenge
7. infants will suck forma needless syringe
, What two types of meds should never be crushed and why? ✔✔*enteric or
protected coating; could irritate the stomach; this type of tables is absorbed by small
intestine
*Slow release- could be absorbed more rapidly
If med must be crushed what type of food should never be used? ✔✔Honey in
infants due to botulism
2 methods of restraining for infant or toddler receiving IM injection in vastus lateralis
✔✔1. body of larger infant can be securely held between the nurses arm and body
2. swaddle baby leaving the part of the extremity out that is receiving the injection
List six meds that should be reviewed by 2 profession nurses before administration
to infant/child ✔✔*digoxin
*chemotherapeutic agents
*insulin
*epinephrine
*opoids
*sedatives
According to Ericksons theory of development why would a toddler view
hospitalization as a punishment? ✔✔Ritualism the need to maintain sameness and
reliability provides sense of comfort. without ritu8als little opportunity to exert
autonomy. consequently regression and dependency occurs
Hearing test for newborn ✔✔OAE- Otoacoustive Emission measures intensity
sound from the cochlear hair cells in response to clicks from a probe placed in the
ear canal
does not detect neural damage
Detects inner hearing loss
does not detect damage to cranial nerve
Parallel play ✔✔two toddlers playing side by side, no interaction or sharing
What to you give to a child who has taken too much tylenol ✔✔mico
Parenting Styles ✔✔Authoritarian
authoritative
permissive
indifferent
Authoritarian ✔✔High control, low warmth
Highly controlling/expect to be obeyed/little communication
permits little independence
Child outcome:
no negotiation skills, no ability to direct and initiate own activities, frustrated in
efforts to achieve autonomy, girls passive, boys aggressive
