Introduction to Forensic Psychology and Its Applications exam questions fully passed
What is forensic psychology? - AnswersThe application of psychological knowledge and theories
to all aspects of the criminal and civil justice systems, including processes and people.
What is the starting point of the forensic psychology process? - AnswersCriminal investigation.
What are some key activities involved in forensic psychology? - AnswersProfiling, lie detection,
identification, and eyewitness testimony.
Who is considered the 'Father' of forensic psychology? - AnswersHugo Von Munsterberg.
What significant contributions did James Cattell make to forensic psychology? - AnswersHe
conducted research on memory and questioned people's ability to accurately recall events.
What did Alfred Binet create that is relevant to forensic psychology? - AnswersThe first IQ test,
which involved showing children objects and asking them questions.
What was the focus of research during the period from 1900 to WW1 in forensic psychology? -
AnswersThe reliability of eyewitness testimony and the errors individuals make in memory.
What did Varendonck's 1911 study reveal about children's memory? - AnswersChildren's
memory is often inaccurate and suggestible.
What did Elizabeth Loftus study in relation to memory? - AnswersThe malleability of memory
and the post-event misinformation paradigm.
What are the functions of an expert witness in forensic psychology? - AnswersTo aid in
understanding a particular issue in the case or provide an opinion based on special knowledge.
What challenges do psychologists face when providing expert testimony? - AnswersLack of
ecological validity in psychological research and the risk of losing objectivity.
What is the admissibility criteria for expert witnesses? - AnswersExperts must demonstrate
special knowledge that assists jurors beyond what an average juror knows.
What is the Turner ruling related to? - AnswersIt relates to the admissibility of expert testimony
in court.
What is the significance of fingerprints in forensic psychology? - AnswersThey are analyzed by
humans, which can lead to errors despite their general accuracy.
, What does facial mapping involve in forensic psychology? - AnswersIdentifying a face and
comparing it to images from cameras.
What are the two types of memory relevant to eyewitness testimony? - AnswersRecall memory
(reporting details of a witnessed event) and recognition memory (identifying previously
witnessed events or people).
What are estimator variables in eyewitness testimony? - AnswersVariables present at the time
of the crime that cannot be changed, such as exposure time and physical disguise.
What is the impact of stress on eyewitness memory? - AnswersHigh levels of stress can impair
witness testimony and affect memory retention.
What is the Easterbrook hypothesis? - AnswersIt suggests that high stress during an event leads
to tunnel vision, focusing attention on central details.
What are system variables in the context of eyewitness testimony? - AnswersVariables that can
be manipulated after the fact and impact the accuracy of witnesses.
What is the misinformation effect? - AnswersExposure to incorrect information about an event
can lead to memory errors.
What are false memories? - AnswersMemories that individuals accept as true, which may be
influenced by suggestions or incorrect information.
What is the difference between a target-present line-up and a target-absent line-up? - AnswersA
target-present line-up contains the actual culprit, while a target-absent line-up does not.
What percentage of justice officials believe erroneous convictions occur in less than 1% of
cases? - AnswersOver 70% of justice officials surveyed.
How many wrongful convictions per year are estimated in the US if 0.5% are erroneous? -
AnswersApproximately 7,500 wrongful convictions per year.
What role has DNA analysis played in wrongful convictions? - AnswersDNA analysis has linked
individuals to crimes with high certainty and has proven the innocence of many convicted
inmates.
What percentage of DNA exoneration cases in 2015 were due to mistaken identification? -
Answers72% of cases.
What are the strengths and weaknesses of field studies in eyewitness identification? -
AnswersField studies have high ecological validity but lack experimental control.
How do lab studies differ from field studies in eyewitness identification? - AnswersLab studies
allow for more control but typically lack ecological validity.
What is forensic psychology? - AnswersThe application of psychological knowledge and theories
to all aspects of the criminal and civil justice systems, including processes and people.
What is the starting point of the forensic psychology process? - AnswersCriminal investigation.
What are some key activities involved in forensic psychology? - AnswersProfiling, lie detection,
identification, and eyewitness testimony.
Who is considered the 'Father' of forensic psychology? - AnswersHugo Von Munsterberg.
What significant contributions did James Cattell make to forensic psychology? - AnswersHe
conducted research on memory and questioned people's ability to accurately recall events.
What did Alfred Binet create that is relevant to forensic psychology? - AnswersThe first IQ test,
which involved showing children objects and asking them questions.
What was the focus of research during the period from 1900 to WW1 in forensic psychology? -
AnswersThe reliability of eyewitness testimony and the errors individuals make in memory.
What did Varendonck's 1911 study reveal about children's memory? - AnswersChildren's
memory is often inaccurate and suggestible.
What did Elizabeth Loftus study in relation to memory? - AnswersThe malleability of memory
and the post-event misinformation paradigm.
What are the functions of an expert witness in forensic psychology? - AnswersTo aid in
understanding a particular issue in the case or provide an opinion based on special knowledge.
What challenges do psychologists face when providing expert testimony? - AnswersLack of
ecological validity in psychological research and the risk of losing objectivity.
What is the admissibility criteria for expert witnesses? - AnswersExperts must demonstrate
special knowledge that assists jurors beyond what an average juror knows.
What is the Turner ruling related to? - AnswersIt relates to the admissibility of expert testimony
in court.
What is the significance of fingerprints in forensic psychology? - AnswersThey are analyzed by
humans, which can lead to errors despite their general accuracy.
, What does facial mapping involve in forensic psychology? - AnswersIdentifying a face and
comparing it to images from cameras.
What are the two types of memory relevant to eyewitness testimony? - AnswersRecall memory
(reporting details of a witnessed event) and recognition memory (identifying previously
witnessed events or people).
What are estimator variables in eyewitness testimony? - AnswersVariables present at the time
of the crime that cannot be changed, such as exposure time and physical disguise.
What is the impact of stress on eyewitness memory? - AnswersHigh levels of stress can impair
witness testimony and affect memory retention.
What is the Easterbrook hypothesis? - AnswersIt suggests that high stress during an event leads
to tunnel vision, focusing attention on central details.
What are system variables in the context of eyewitness testimony? - AnswersVariables that can
be manipulated after the fact and impact the accuracy of witnesses.
What is the misinformation effect? - AnswersExposure to incorrect information about an event
can lead to memory errors.
What are false memories? - AnswersMemories that individuals accept as true, which may be
influenced by suggestions or incorrect information.
What is the difference between a target-present line-up and a target-absent line-up? - AnswersA
target-present line-up contains the actual culprit, while a target-absent line-up does not.
What percentage of justice officials believe erroneous convictions occur in less than 1% of
cases? - AnswersOver 70% of justice officials surveyed.
How many wrongful convictions per year are estimated in the US if 0.5% are erroneous? -
AnswersApproximately 7,500 wrongful convictions per year.
What role has DNA analysis played in wrongful convictions? - AnswersDNA analysis has linked
individuals to crimes with high certainty and has proven the innocence of many convicted
inmates.
What percentage of DNA exoneration cases in 2015 were due to mistaken identification? -
Answers72% of cases.
What are the strengths and weaknesses of field studies in eyewitness identification? -
AnswersField studies have high ecological validity but lack experimental control.
How do lab studies differ from field studies in eyewitness identification? - AnswersLab studies
allow for more control but typically lack ecological validity.
