ISSA Study Guide UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is the largest muscle of the chest? - CORRECT ANSWER - Pectoralis Major
What is the most superficial muscle of the posterior calf? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Gastrocnemius
What is the muscle action of the rectus femoris? - CORRECT ANSWER - Flexion of the
hip and extension of the knee
Which 3 muscles make up the erector spinae group? - CORRECT ANSWER - Spinalis,
Longissimus and Iliocostalis
Which of the following is a muscle of the shoulder? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Subscapularis
A medicine ball rolling across the floor is an example of what type of friction? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Rolling Friction
Which of the following joints should have more mobility? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Shoulder
Which anatomical plane divides the body into left and right halves? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Sagittal Plane
Which anatomical terms refers to a movement that increases the angle between 2 body parts? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Extension
,What anatomical term is described as a position closer to the center of the body relative to
reference point? - CORRECT ANSWER - Proximal
Which components of the digestive system performs both mechanical digestion and chemical
digestion? - CORRECT ANSWER - The mouth
Which of the following is an effect of long-term cortisol elevation in the body? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Increases appetite
Which endocrine hormone promotes the breakdown of protein in muscle cells? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Cortisol
What is the process of external respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER - The exchange of
gases between the lungs and the blood in the lungs!
During exercise, which organ system regulates fluid volume and pressure in body tissues? -
CORRECT ANSWER - The lymphatic system
During the cardiac cycle, what is the name of the contraction phase heart beat? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Systole
Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Right Atrium
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER - Arteries
Blood vessels are comprised of which type of muscle tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Smooth muscles
The heart and blood vessels are the components of which human organs system? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The circulatory system
,How can educated trainer impact clients health? - CORRECT ANSWER - By developing
comprehensive, individualized and periodized fitness plans that effectively produce the training
effect.
What should a fitness plan account for to be efficient? - CORRECT ANSWER - Major
muscle functions, metabolism and the regulation of the lungs, heart, blood vessels, hormones,
brain and nerve.
What are basic principles of fitness training? - CORRECT ANSWER - Overload
Specificity
Individual differences
Reversibility
Periodization
Rest
Overtraining
Stimulus variability
What is the "training effect"? - CORRECT ANSWER - The body's adaptation to stress
from physical activity, leading to cellular changes that improve energy efficiency and overall
fitness.
Why is understanding motivation important for fitness professionals? - CORRECT
ANSWER - It's crucial for helping make lasting changes and effectively engaging them in
a fitness lifestyle.
Subcutaneous Fat - CORRECT ANSWER - Generally harmless fat cells located just
beneath the skin.
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are examples of
what type of ligament? - CORRECT ANSWER - Intrinsic Ligaments
, What does the Golgi tendon organ detect and respond to in the muscle? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Change in muscle tension.
Which type of bone supports the weight of the body and facilitates movement? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Long bones
Which of the following is include the appendicular skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Shoulder Girdle
Which human organ systems are responsible for human movement? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The nervous system, muscular system, and the skeletal system.
Which type of muscle fiber derives its energy primarily from aerobic energy pathways? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Type 1 muscle fibers
Which type of muscle is the most common in the human body? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Skeletal muscle
Which clarification of neurons initiate muscle contraction and activate glands? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Motor neurons
What is peripheral nervous system (PNS) responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Conveying motor commands, carrying sensory information to the CNS (Central Nervous
System), and regulating involuntary functions.
Where in the brain does most information processing occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cerebral Cortex
Hormone Function - CORRECT ANSWER - Control of hormone secretion
Effects of exercise on hormone secretion
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is the largest muscle of the chest? - CORRECT ANSWER - Pectoralis Major
What is the most superficial muscle of the posterior calf? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Gastrocnemius
What is the muscle action of the rectus femoris? - CORRECT ANSWER - Flexion of the
hip and extension of the knee
Which 3 muscles make up the erector spinae group? - CORRECT ANSWER - Spinalis,
Longissimus and Iliocostalis
Which of the following is a muscle of the shoulder? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Subscapularis
A medicine ball rolling across the floor is an example of what type of friction? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Rolling Friction
Which of the following joints should have more mobility? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Shoulder
Which anatomical plane divides the body into left and right halves? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Sagittal Plane
Which anatomical terms refers to a movement that increases the angle between 2 body parts? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Extension
,What anatomical term is described as a position closer to the center of the body relative to
reference point? - CORRECT ANSWER - Proximal
Which components of the digestive system performs both mechanical digestion and chemical
digestion? - CORRECT ANSWER - The mouth
Which of the following is an effect of long-term cortisol elevation in the body? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Increases appetite
Which endocrine hormone promotes the breakdown of protein in muscle cells? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Cortisol
What is the process of external respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER - The exchange of
gases between the lungs and the blood in the lungs!
During exercise, which organ system regulates fluid volume and pressure in body tissues? -
CORRECT ANSWER - The lymphatic system
During the cardiac cycle, what is the name of the contraction phase heart beat? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Systole
Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Right Atrium
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER - Arteries
Blood vessels are comprised of which type of muscle tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Smooth muscles
The heart and blood vessels are the components of which human organs system? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The circulatory system
,How can educated trainer impact clients health? - CORRECT ANSWER - By developing
comprehensive, individualized and periodized fitness plans that effectively produce the training
effect.
What should a fitness plan account for to be efficient? - CORRECT ANSWER - Major
muscle functions, metabolism and the regulation of the lungs, heart, blood vessels, hormones,
brain and nerve.
What are basic principles of fitness training? - CORRECT ANSWER - Overload
Specificity
Individual differences
Reversibility
Periodization
Rest
Overtraining
Stimulus variability
What is the "training effect"? - CORRECT ANSWER - The body's adaptation to stress
from physical activity, leading to cellular changes that improve energy efficiency and overall
fitness.
Why is understanding motivation important for fitness professionals? - CORRECT
ANSWER - It's crucial for helping make lasting changes and effectively engaging them in
a fitness lifestyle.
Subcutaneous Fat - CORRECT ANSWER - Generally harmless fat cells located just
beneath the skin.
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are examples of
what type of ligament? - CORRECT ANSWER - Intrinsic Ligaments
, What does the Golgi tendon organ detect and respond to in the muscle? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Change in muscle tension.
Which type of bone supports the weight of the body and facilitates movement? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Long bones
Which of the following is include the appendicular skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Shoulder Girdle
Which human organ systems are responsible for human movement? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The nervous system, muscular system, and the skeletal system.
Which type of muscle fiber derives its energy primarily from aerobic energy pathways? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Type 1 muscle fibers
Which type of muscle is the most common in the human body? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Skeletal muscle
Which clarification of neurons initiate muscle contraction and activate glands? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Motor neurons
What is peripheral nervous system (PNS) responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Conveying motor commands, carrying sensory information to the CNS (Central Nervous
System), and regulating involuntary functions.
Where in the brain does most information processing occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cerebral Cortex
Hormone Function - CORRECT ANSWER - Control of hormone secretion
Effects of exercise on hormone secretion
