TEST BANK for Human Learning
8th Edition Ormrod,CHAPTER 1 - 15
, CHAPTER541
PERSPECTIVES54ON54LEARNING
Multiple54Choice54Questions
Human54beings54undoubtedly54learn54more54during54the54course54of54a54l
ifetime54than54any54other54species54on54earth.54The54major54result54of54this
54capacity54to54learn54is54that:
New54instincts54begin54to54emerge.
Human54thought54becomes54less54logical54with54each54generat
ion.54Humans54can54benefit54from54their54experiences.
Humans54are54the54only54species54whose54behavior54cannot54be54ana
lyzed54in54terms54of54stimuli54and54responses.
Three54of54the54following54are54examples54of54learning.54Which54one54is54not?
Abigail54cries54when54she54steps54on54a54sharp54pebble.
After54many54hours54of54heated54debate,54Brian54begins54to54
advocate54political54practices54he54has54previously54opposed.
Cara54suddenly54recognizes54how54the54division54fact54―2454’54454=54
6‖54is54related54to54the54multiplication54fact54―654x54454=5424.‖
David54has54been54running54away54from54German54shepherds54ever5
4since54he54was54bitten54by54a54German54shepherd54two54years54ago
.
Reynelda54has54trouble54tracing54a54complex54shape54with54a54pencil54whe
n54she54is54in54kindergarten,54but54she54can54do54it54quite54well54by54the54tim
e54she54is54in54second54grade.54Is54this54an54instance54of54learning?
Yes,54because54her54behavior54has54changed.
No,54because54the54circumstances54are54too54dissimilar.
Maybe,54although54the54change54may54simply54be54due54to54p
hysiological54maturation.
Maybe,54but54only54if54she54is54being54reinforced54for54tracing54accurately.
2
, Chapter54154–
54Perspectives54on54Learning
Three54vof54vthe54vfollowing54villustrate54vvarious54vways54vthat54vlearning54vmight5 4 v5 4 be
vreflected54vin54va54vperson‘s54vbehavior.54vWhich54vone54vof54vthe54vfollowin
g54vchanges54vdoes54vnot54vnecessarily54vreflect54vlearning?
Although54vit‘s54va54vschool54vnight,54vDean54vplays54vvideo54vgames54v
until54vwell54vpast54vhisvusual54vbedtime.54vAs54vhe54vbecomes54vmore5
4vtired,54vhe54vfinds54vit54vincreasingly54vdifficult54vto54vconcentrate54
von54vwhat54vhe‘s54vdoing.
Even54vas54va54vyoung54vchild,54vJerry54vcould54vtell54vyou54vthat54
vhis54vgrandparents54vimmigrated54vto54vthe54vUnited54vStates54vfro
m54vIreland.54vBut54vafter54va54vconversation54vwith54vhis54vgrandmo
ther,54vhe54vcan54vnow54vdescribe54vthe54vcircumstances54vof54vthe5
4vfamily‘s54vimmigration54vin54vconsiderable54vdetail.
Day5 4 vafter5 4 vday,5 4 vMartin5 4 vpractices5 4 vhis5 4 vbasketball5 4 vskills5 4 v54 (shooting,
vdribbling,54vetc.)54von54va54vbasketball54vcourt54vat54va54vlocal54vpark.54
vWith54veach54vpractice54vsession,54vhis54vmovements54vbecome54vfaste
r54vand54vsmoother.
Lewis54voccasionally54vasks54vfor54vhelp54vwhen54vhe54vhas54vdifficulty54v
with54vhis54vclasswork,54vbut54vmost54vof54vthe54vtime54vhe54vjust54vstruggl
es54vquietly54von54vhis54vown.54vAfter54vhis54vteacher54vassures54vhim54vth
at54vasking54vfor54vhelp54vis54vnot54va54vsign54vof54vweakness54vor54vinabil
ity,54vhe54vbegins54vasking54vfor54vhelp54vmuch54vmore54vfrequently.
v
research54vexamines54vlearning54vin54vtightly54vcontrolled54vsettings54va
nd54v research54vexamines54vlearning54vin54vreal-world54vsettings.
Applied;54vBasic54v
Basic;54vQualitative5
4vQualitative;54vAppl
iedvBasic;54vApplied
A54vprinciple54vof54vlearning54vcan54vbest54vbe54vcharacterized54vas:
A54vdescription54vof54vthe54vresults54vof54va54vparticular54vresearch54vstudy
A54vstatement54vthat54vdescribes54vhow54va54vparticular54vfactor54vaffects54
vlearning54The54vmeasurement54vof54vhow54vmuch54vlearning54vhas54voc
curred
vin54vavparticular54vsituation
An54vexplanation54vof54vthe54vunderlying54vprocesses54vthrough54vwhich54vlearning54voccurs
A54vtheory54vof54vlearning54vcan54vbest54vbe54vcharacterized54vas:
A54vdescription54vof54vthe54vresults54vof54va54vparticular54vresearch54vstudy
A54vstatement54vthat54vdescribes54vhow54va54vparticular54vfactor54vaffects54
vlearning54The54vmeasurement54vof54vhow54vmuch54vlearning54vhas54voc
curred
vin54vavparticular54vsituation
3
, Chapter54154–
An54vexplanation54vof54vthe54vunderlying54vprocesses 54vthrough
54Perspectives 54vwhich54vlearning54voccurs
54on54Learning
4
8th Edition Ormrod,CHAPTER 1 - 15
, CHAPTER541
PERSPECTIVES54ON54LEARNING
Multiple54Choice54Questions
Human54beings54undoubtedly54learn54more54during54the54course54of54a54l
ifetime54than54any54other54species54on54earth.54The54major54result54of54this
54capacity54to54learn54is54that:
New54instincts54begin54to54emerge.
Human54thought54becomes54less54logical54with54each54generat
ion.54Humans54can54benefit54from54their54experiences.
Humans54are54the54only54species54whose54behavior54cannot54be54ana
lyzed54in54terms54of54stimuli54and54responses.
Three54of54the54following54are54examples54of54learning.54Which54one54is54not?
Abigail54cries54when54she54steps54on54a54sharp54pebble.
After54many54hours54of54heated54debate,54Brian54begins54to54
advocate54political54practices54he54has54previously54opposed.
Cara54suddenly54recognizes54how54the54division54fact54―2454’54454=54
6‖54is54related54to54the54multiplication54fact54―654x54454=5424.‖
David54has54been54running54away54from54German54shepherds54ever5
4since54he54was54bitten54by54a54German54shepherd54two54years54ago
.
Reynelda54has54trouble54tracing54a54complex54shape54with54a54pencil54whe
n54she54is54in54kindergarten,54but54she54can54do54it54quite54well54by54the54tim
e54she54is54in54second54grade.54Is54this54an54instance54of54learning?
Yes,54because54her54behavior54has54changed.
No,54because54the54circumstances54are54too54dissimilar.
Maybe,54although54the54change54may54simply54be54due54to54p
hysiological54maturation.
Maybe,54but54only54if54she54is54being54reinforced54for54tracing54accurately.
2
, Chapter54154–
54Perspectives54on54Learning
Three54vof54vthe54vfollowing54villustrate54vvarious54vways54vthat54vlearning54vmight5 4 v5 4 be
vreflected54vin54va54vperson‘s54vbehavior.54vWhich54vone54vof54vthe54vfollowin
g54vchanges54vdoes54vnot54vnecessarily54vreflect54vlearning?
Although54vit‘s54va54vschool54vnight,54vDean54vplays54vvideo54vgames54v
until54vwell54vpast54vhisvusual54vbedtime.54vAs54vhe54vbecomes54vmore5
4vtired,54vhe54vfinds54vit54vincreasingly54vdifficult54vto54vconcentrate54
von54vwhat54vhe‘s54vdoing.
Even54vas54va54vyoung54vchild,54vJerry54vcould54vtell54vyou54vthat54
vhis54vgrandparents54vimmigrated54vto54vthe54vUnited54vStates54vfro
m54vIreland.54vBut54vafter54va54vconversation54vwith54vhis54vgrandmo
ther,54vhe54vcan54vnow54vdescribe54vthe54vcircumstances54vof54vthe5
4vfamily‘s54vimmigration54vin54vconsiderable54vdetail.
Day5 4 vafter5 4 vday,5 4 vMartin5 4 vpractices5 4 vhis5 4 vbasketball5 4 vskills5 4 v54 (shooting,
vdribbling,54vetc.)54von54va54vbasketball54vcourt54vat54va54vlocal54vpark.54
vWith54veach54vpractice54vsession,54vhis54vmovements54vbecome54vfaste
r54vand54vsmoother.
Lewis54voccasionally54vasks54vfor54vhelp54vwhen54vhe54vhas54vdifficulty54v
with54vhis54vclasswork,54vbut54vmost54vof54vthe54vtime54vhe54vjust54vstruggl
es54vquietly54von54vhis54vown.54vAfter54vhis54vteacher54vassures54vhim54vth
at54vasking54vfor54vhelp54vis54vnot54va54vsign54vof54vweakness54vor54vinabil
ity,54vhe54vbegins54vasking54vfor54vhelp54vmuch54vmore54vfrequently.
v
research54vexamines54vlearning54vin54vtightly54vcontrolled54vsettings54va
nd54v research54vexamines54vlearning54vin54vreal-world54vsettings.
Applied;54vBasic54v
Basic;54vQualitative5
4vQualitative;54vAppl
iedvBasic;54vApplied
A54vprinciple54vof54vlearning54vcan54vbest54vbe54vcharacterized54vas:
A54vdescription54vof54vthe54vresults54vof54va54vparticular54vresearch54vstudy
A54vstatement54vthat54vdescribes54vhow54va54vparticular54vfactor54vaffects54
vlearning54The54vmeasurement54vof54vhow54vmuch54vlearning54vhas54voc
curred
vin54vavparticular54vsituation
An54vexplanation54vof54vthe54vunderlying54vprocesses54vthrough54vwhich54vlearning54voccurs
A54vtheory54vof54vlearning54vcan54vbest54vbe54vcharacterized54vas:
A54vdescription54vof54vthe54vresults54vof54va54vparticular54vresearch54vstudy
A54vstatement54vthat54vdescribes54vhow54va54vparticular54vfactor54vaffects54
vlearning54The54vmeasurement54vof54vhow54vmuch54vlearning54vhas54voc
curred
vin54vavparticular54vsituation
3
, Chapter54154–
An54vexplanation54vof54vthe54vunderlying54vprocesses 54vthrough
54Perspectives 54vwhich54vlearning54voccurs
54on54Learning
4
