NATI Final Exam – National Association of Technical Instruction:
Complete Question & Answer Set for Certification Preparation
OBRA - correct answer Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 guarantees that people
being cared for in a nursing home receives a certain level of care.
Establishes standards for staffing and operation that a
OSHA - correct answer Occupational Safety and Health Administration is a government agency
established in 1970 that protects workers from on-the-job injuries. They establish standards
that employers must follow to protect employees from hazards.
objective observations - correct answer information you obtain directly using one of your five
senses
subjective observations - correct answer information you cannot detect with one of your five
senses or cannot measure with equipment (example: not getting good sleep)
HIPAA - correct answer Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act was passed in 1996
and established the legal right to have medical info kept secure and private. Specifies who can
look at and who can receive information about a person's health status and care
negligence vs. neglect - correct answer neglect is more like ignoring and not doing while
negligence is doing improperly.
Chain of Infection - correct answer pathogen --> reservoir --> portal of exit --> method of
transmission --> portal of entry --> susceptible host
order of putting on PPE - correct answer gown, mask, eyewear, then gloves
order of taking off PPE - correct answer gloves, eyewear, gown, mask
if the person is unconscious or paralyzed how do you take temp? - correct answer NOT the oral
method because the person may not be able to keep their mouth closed
dyspnea - correct answer medical term for breathing that is difficult or seems like it takes a lot
of effort
flexion - correct answer bending
extension - correct answer straightening
abduction - correct answer moving away from the body
adduction - correct answer moving toward the body
,rotation - correct answer moving in a circular motion along a fixed point or axis
pronation - correct answer turning the palm downward
supination - correct answer turning the palm upward
radial deviation - correct answer bending the wrist towards the thumb
ulnar deviation - correct answer bending the wrist toward the little finger
dorsiflexion - correct answer bending the ankle so that the toes point up
plantar flexion - correct answer bending the ankle so that the toes point down
inversion - correct answer turning the ankle inward
eversion - correct answer turning the ankle outward
stroke - correct answer cerebrovascular accident that occurs when blood flow to a part of the
brain is interrupted which results in the death of brain cells
seizure - correct answer result of abnormal electrical activity in the brain which leads to
temporary and involuntary changes in body movement, function, sensation, awareness, or
behavior
shock - correct answer condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver enough oxygen-
rich blood to the body's tissues and vital organs
what pulse is the most accurate - correct answer apical pulse (measured with a stethoscope
over the apex of the heart)
pulse - correct answer wave of blood felt as it passes through an artery lying close to the skin
surface
systolic - correct answer pressure against walls when heart pumps
diastolic - correct answer pressure against the walls when the heart relaxes
common sites of pressure ulcers - correct answer back of head, shoulder blade, elbow,
tailbone, heel, ear, shoulder, knee, and ankle
shearing - correct answer when a surface moves one way against another surface that offers
resistance
partial bed bath - correct answer involves only bathing the face, hands, axillae (armpits),
perineal area, back, and buttocks
admission - correct answer a person's formal entry into the health care setting
, osteoporosis - correct answer a disease in which loss of bone tissue causes the bones to
become very fragile and prone to breaking
angina - correct answer chest pain that occurs because the heart is not getting enough oxygen
age-related memory impairments - correct answer do not interfere with the ability to carry out
normal activities of life
mild cognitive impairment - correct answer problems with memory and thinking that are
noticeable to others but are not severe enough to interfere with daily life
dementia - correct answer term used to describe the group of symptoms that occur with a
progressive decline in memory and thinking
early stage alzheimer's - correct answer changes occur gradually and not immediately
noticeable. memory problems (amnesia), aphasia, misplacing things in odd places, difficulties
with usual routines, getting lost in familiar places, changes in mood or personality, loss of
initiative or motivation
middle stage of alzheimer's - correct answer apparent that something is very wrong. increased
amnesia, increased aphasia, problems with recognition (agnosia), difficulties performing tasks
(apraxia), and incontinence
late stage - correct answer significant decline. loss of language, swelling difficulties, weight loss,
dependent, confined to bed or chair, increased risk for serious infection, death
delirium - correct answer change in cognition that has a rapid onset and is related to chemical
changes in the body, usually reversible
4 A's of dementia - correct answer amnesia, aphasia, agnosia, and apraxia
amnesia - correct answer memory loss
aphasia - correct answer problems with communication resulting from damage to the brain
from injury or disease
agnosia - correct answer inability to use the five senses to recognize familiar things or people
apraxia - correct answer inability to perform the steps necessary to complete a task despite
having the ability and desire to perform the task
helping a person who rummages or searches for missing items - correct answer show concern
for what is missing, label all personal belongings, don't argue with the person and don'ts
disregard beliefs
helping a person who cannot remember the names of familiar people - correct answer use
words that help the person correctly identify other people (ex- you sister enter name and
husband). don't assume the person will remember when they see them.
Complete Question & Answer Set for Certification Preparation
OBRA - correct answer Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 guarantees that people
being cared for in a nursing home receives a certain level of care.
Establishes standards for staffing and operation that a
OSHA - correct answer Occupational Safety and Health Administration is a government agency
established in 1970 that protects workers from on-the-job injuries. They establish standards
that employers must follow to protect employees from hazards.
objective observations - correct answer information you obtain directly using one of your five
senses
subjective observations - correct answer information you cannot detect with one of your five
senses or cannot measure with equipment (example: not getting good sleep)
HIPAA - correct answer Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act was passed in 1996
and established the legal right to have medical info kept secure and private. Specifies who can
look at and who can receive information about a person's health status and care
negligence vs. neglect - correct answer neglect is more like ignoring and not doing while
negligence is doing improperly.
Chain of Infection - correct answer pathogen --> reservoir --> portal of exit --> method of
transmission --> portal of entry --> susceptible host
order of putting on PPE - correct answer gown, mask, eyewear, then gloves
order of taking off PPE - correct answer gloves, eyewear, gown, mask
if the person is unconscious or paralyzed how do you take temp? - correct answer NOT the oral
method because the person may not be able to keep their mouth closed
dyspnea - correct answer medical term for breathing that is difficult or seems like it takes a lot
of effort
flexion - correct answer bending
extension - correct answer straightening
abduction - correct answer moving away from the body
adduction - correct answer moving toward the body
,rotation - correct answer moving in a circular motion along a fixed point or axis
pronation - correct answer turning the palm downward
supination - correct answer turning the palm upward
radial deviation - correct answer bending the wrist towards the thumb
ulnar deviation - correct answer bending the wrist toward the little finger
dorsiflexion - correct answer bending the ankle so that the toes point up
plantar flexion - correct answer bending the ankle so that the toes point down
inversion - correct answer turning the ankle inward
eversion - correct answer turning the ankle outward
stroke - correct answer cerebrovascular accident that occurs when blood flow to a part of the
brain is interrupted which results in the death of brain cells
seizure - correct answer result of abnormal electrical activity in the brain which leads to
temporary and involuntary changes in body movement, function, sensation, awareness, or
behavior
shock - correct answer condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver enough oxygen-
rich blood to the body's tissues and vital organs
what pulse is the most accurate - correct answer apical pulse (measured with a stethoscope
over the apex of the heart)
pulse - correct answer wave of blood felt as it passes through an artery lying close to the skin
surface
systolic - correct answer pressure against walls when heart pumps
diastolic - correct answer pressure against the walls when the heart relaxes
common sites of pressure ulcers - correct answer back of head, shoulder blade, elbow,
tailbone, heel, ear, shoulder, knee, and ankle
shearing - correct answer when a surface moves one way against another surface that offers
resistance
partial bed bath - correct answer involves only bathing the face, hands, axillae (armpits),
perineal area, back, and buttocks
admission - correct answer a person's formal entry into the health care setting
, osteoporosis - correct answer a disease in which loss of bone tissue causes the bones to
become very fragile and prone to breaking
angina - correct answer chest pain that occurs because the heart is not getting enough oxygen
age-related memory impairments - correct answer do not interfere with the ability to carry out
normal activities of life
mild cognitive impairment - correct answer problems with memory and thinking that are
noticeable to others but are not severe enough to interfere with daily life
dementia - correct answer term used to describe the group of symptoms that occur with a
progressive decline in memory and thinking
early stage alzheimer's - correct answer changes occur gradually and not immediately
noticeable. memory problems (amnesia), aphasia, misplacing things in odd places, difficulties
with usual routines, getting lost in familiar places, changes in mood or personality, loss of
initiative or motivation
middle stage of alzheimer's - correct answer apparent that something is very wrong. increased
amnesia, increased aphasia, problems with recognition (agnosia), difficulties performing tasks
(apraxia), and incontinence
late stage - correct answer significant decline. loss of language, swelling difficulties, weight loss,
dependent, confined to bed or chair, increased risk for serious infection, death
delirium - correct answer change in cognition that has a rapid onset and is related to chemical
changes in the body, usually reversible
4 A's of dementia - correct answer amnesia, aphasia, agnosia, and apraxia
amnesia - correct answer memory loss
aphasia - correct answer problems with communication resulting from damage to the brain
from injury or disease
agnosia - correct answer inability to use the five senses to recognize familiar things or people
apraxia - correct answer inability to perform the steps necessary to complete a task despite
having the ability and desire to perform the task
helping a person who rummages or searches for missing items - correct answer show concern
for what is missing, label all personal belongings, don't argue with the person and don'ts
disregard beliefs
helping a person who cannot remember the names of familiar people - correct answer use
words that help the person correctly identify other people (ex- you sister enter name and
husband). don't assume the person will remember when they see them.
