AQA PSYCHOLOGY A LEVEL 2024 PAPER 1 MS :QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Episodic Memory - ANSWER: Involves recalling specific events, experiences, and situations
from the past. Often described as autobiographical memory. Includes details about what
happened, where it occurred, and when it happened. Unique to the individual and involves
conscious recall. Associated with the right prefrontal cortex.
Semantic Memory - ANSWER: Refers to general knowledge and understanding of the world.
Involves recalling facts, concepts, and ideas not tied to a specific event. Involves conscious
@#$%^&*()_)(*&^%
recall. Associated with the left prefrontal cortex.
Procedural Memory - ANSWER: Involves the ability to learn and remember how to perform
motor skills and actions. Often referred to as muscle memory. Essential for tasks like riding a
bike, typing, or playing an instrument. Associated with the motor area of the brain.
Encoding - ANSWER: The process of transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored
in the brain. Involves the initial registration of information in sensory systems. Information is
processed and transformed into a neural code.
Storage - ANSWER: Memories are stored in different brain regions depending on the type.
Episodic memories are stored in the hippocampus. Semantic memories are stored in the
neocortex. The amygdala is involved in storing emotional memories.
Retrieval - ANSWER: The process of accessing stored memories. Involves reactivating the
neural code initially encoded. Triggered by cues or reminders associated with the memory.
Recognition - ANSWER: Identifying information when given clues (e.g., multiple-choice
questions).
Cued Recall - ANSWER: Recalling information when given specific cues (e.g., smelling a
familiar scent).
Free Recall - ANSWER: Recalling information without specific clues or cues.
Visual Encoding - ANSWER: Thinking through images.
Acoustic Encoding - ANSWER: Remembering sounds or music.
Semantic Encoding - ANSWER: Understanding the meaning of words and placing them in
context.
,AQA PSYCHOLOGY A LEVEL 2024 PAPER 1 MS :QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Sensory Register - ANSWER: The first stage of memory processing. Involves immediate and
automatic recording of sensory information. Separate components for different sensory inputs
(visual/iconic, auditory/echoic, tactile/haptic). Very short duration (a few hundred milliseconds).
Information is not stored unless attended to.
Short-Term Memory (STM) - ANSWER: The second stage of memory processing. Involves
temporary storage of actively processed information. Limited capacity (7 ± 2 items). Short
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duration (20-30 seconds) unless rehearsed or transferred to long-term memory.
Long-Term Memory (LTM) - ANSWER: The final stage of memory processing. Involves
storage of information rehearsed or processed in STM. Unlimited capacity. Can store information
indefinitely.
Multi-Store Model - ANSWER: Describes how information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. It
consists of three separate stores: the sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
Sensory Register - ANSWER: Same form as received (visual, auditory, tactile)
Short-Term Memory - ANSWER: Primarily acoustic; also visual and semantic
Long-Term Memory - ANSWER: Semantic, visual, acoustic
Capacity of Sensory Register - ANSWER: Very large
Capacity of Short-Term Memory - ANSWER: Limited (7 ± 2 items)
Capacity of Long-Term Memory - ANSWER: Believed to be unlimited
Duration of Sensory Register - ANSWER: Very short (milliseconds to a few seconds)
Duration of Short-Term Memory - ANSWER: Short (20-30 seconds) unless rehearsed
Duration of Long-Term Memory - ANSWER: Believed to be unlimited
Serial Position Effect - ANSWER: The tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of
a sequence better than items in the middle.
Primacy Effect - ANSWER: The superior recall of items at the beginning of a list.
Recency Effect - ANSWER: The superior recall of items presented at the end of a list.
, AQA PSYCHOLOGY A LEVEL 2024 PAPER 1 MS :QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Murdoch's Serial Position Curve Study - ANSWER: A study exploring how the position of an
item in a list affects the likelihood of being recalled.
Aim of Murdoch's Study - ANSWER: To explore how the position of an item in a list affects the
likelihood of being recalled.
@#$%^&*()_)(*&^%
Procedure of Murdoch's Study - ANSWER: Participants were presented with a list of words and
asked to recall as many as possible immediately after presentation.
Results of Murdoch's Study - ANSWER: A U-shaped serial position curve was observed.
Conclusion of Murdoch's Study - ANSWER: The primacy effect occurs due to extended
rehearsal time; the recency effect occurs because the last few items are still fresh in short-term
memory.
Strengths of Murdoch's Research - ANSWER: Conducted in laboratory conditions, establishing
cause and effect between the position of the word in a list and the probability of recall.
Limitations of Murdoch's Research - ANSWER: The task is artificial, limiting findings to the
ability to recall lists of words rather than meaningful information.
Reconstructive Memory - ANSWER: A theory that memory is not an exact recording of past
events, but a construction based on previous experiences, beliefs, and knowledge.
Effort After Meaning - ANSWER: The natural tendency to make sense of new information and
integrate it with existing knowledge and beliefs.
Schema - ANSWER: A mental framework or organizational structure that helps us to process
and remember information.
Cultural Schemas - ANSWER: Schemas that influence the way people remember a story.
The War of the Ghosts - ANSWER: A Native American legend presented to participants to study
memory recall.
Schema - ANSWER: A cognitive framework that helps organize and interpret information based
on pre-existing knowledge and beliefs.
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Episodic Memory - ANSWER: Involves recalling specific events, experiences, and situations
from the past. Often described as autobiographical memory. Includes details about what
happened, where it occurred, and when it happened. Unique to the individual and involves
conscious recall. Associated with the right prefrontal cortex.
Semantic Memory - ANSWER: Refers to general knowledge and understanding of the world.
Involves recalling facts, concepts, and ideas not tied to a specific event. Involves conscious
@#$%^&*()_)(*&^%
recall. Associated with the left prefrontal cortex.
Procedural Memory - ANSWER: Involves the ability to learn and remember how to perform
motor skills and actions. Often referred to as muscle memory. Essential for tasks like riding a
bike, typing, or playing an instrument. Associated with the motor area of the brain.
Encoding - ANSWER: The process of transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored
in the brain. Involves the initial registration of information in sensory systems. Information is
processed and transformed into a neural code.
Storage - ANSWER: Memories are stored in different brain regions depending on the type.
Episodic memories are stored in the hippocampus. Semantic memories are stored in the
neocortex. The amygdala is involved in storing emotional memories.
Retrieval - ANSWER: The process of accessing stored memories. Involves reactivating the
neural code initially encoded. Triggered by cues or reminders associated with the memory.
Recognition - ANSWER: Identifying information when given clues (e.g., multiple-choice
questions).
Cued Recall - ANSWER: Recalling information when given specific cues (e.g., smelling a
familiar scent).
Free Recall - ANSWER: Recalling information without specific clues or cues.
Visual Encoding - ANSWER: Thinking through images.
Acoustic Encoding - ANSWER: Remembering sounds or music.
Semantic Encoding - ANSWER: Understanding the meaning of words and placing them in
context.
,AQA PSYCHOLOGY A LEVEL 2024 PAPER 1 MS :QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Sensory Register - ANSWER: The first stage of memory processing. Involves immediate and
automatic recording of sensory information. Separate components for different sensory inputs
(visual/iconic, auditory/echoic, tactile/haptic). Very short duration (a few hundred milliseconds).
Information is not stored unless attended to.
Short-Term Memory (STM) - ANSWER: The second stage of memory processing. Involves
temporary storage of actively processed information. Limited capacity (7 ± 2 items). Short
@#$%^&*()_)(*&^%
duration (20-30 seconds) unless rehearsed or transferred to long-term memory.
Long-Term Memory (LTM) - ANSWER: The final stage of memory processing. Involves
storage of information rehearsed or processed in STM. Unlimited capacity. Can store information
indefinitely.
Multi-Store Model - ANSWER: Describes how information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. It
consists of three separate stores: the sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
Sensory Register - ANSWER: Same form as received (visual, auditory, tactile)
Short-Term Memory - ANSWER: Primarily acoustic; also visual and semantic
Long-Term Memory - ANSWER: Semantic, visual, acoustic
Capacity of Sensory Register - ANSWER: Very large
Capacity of Short-Term Memory - ANSWER: Limited (7 ± 2 items)
Capacity of Long-Term Memory - ANSWER: Believed to be unlimited
Duration of Sensory Register - ANSWER: Very short (milliseconds to a few seconds)
Duration of Short-Term Memory - ANSWER: Short (20-30 seconds) unless rehearsed
Duration of Long-Term Memory - ANSWER: Believed to be unlimited
Serial Position Effect - ANSWER: The tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of
a sequence better than items in the middle.
Primacy Effect - ANSWER: The superior recall of items at the beginning of a list.
Recency Effect - ANSWER: The superior recall of items presented at the end of a list.
, AQA PSYCHOLOGY A LEVEL 2024 PAPER 1 MS :QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Murdoch's Serial Position Curve Study - ANSWER: A study exploring how the position of an
item in a list affects the likelihood of being recalled.
Aim of Murdoch's Study - ANSWER: To explore how the position of an item in a list affects the
likelihood of being recalled.
@#$%^&*()_)(*&^%
Procedure of Murdoch's Study - ANSWER: Participants were presented with a list of words and
asked to recall as many as possible immediately after presentation.
Results of Murdoch's Study - ANSWER: A U-shaped serial position curve was observed.
Conclusion of Murdoch's Study - ANSWER: The primacy effect occurs due to extended
rehearsal time; the recency effect occurs because the last few items are still fresh in short-term
memory.
Strengths of Murdoch's Research - ANSWER: Conducted in laboratory conditions, establishing
cause and effect between the position of the word in a list and the probability of recall.
Limitations of Murdoch's Research - ANSWER: The task is artificial, limiting findings to the
ability to recall lists of words rather than meaningful information.
Reconstructive Memory - ANSWER: A theory that memory is not an exact recording of past
events, but a construction based on previous experiences, beliefs, and knowledge.
Effort After Meaning - ANSWER: The natural tendency to make sense of new information and
integrate it with existing knowledge and beliefs.
Schema - ANSWER: A mental framework or organizational structure that helps us to process
and remember information.
Cultural Schemas - ANSWER: Schemas that influence the way people remember a story.
The War of the Ghosts - ANSWER: A Native American legend presented to participants to study
memory recall.
Schema - ANSWER: A cognitive framework that helps organize and interpret information based
on pre-existing knowledge and beliefs.
