HISTORY 2111 FINAL EXAM IDS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026

HISTORY 2111 FINAL EXAM IDS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 Anti-Federalists - Answer -A group of political thinkers and leaders who opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Primarily , during the ratification debates. Their objections led to the addition of the Bill of Rights. They emphasized states' rights, individual liberties, and fears of centralized tyranny, shaping future political discourse and party development. Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom - Answer -A Virginia state law written by Thomas Jefferson that disestablished the Church of England and guaranteed freedom of religion. Drafted in 1777; passed into law in 1786. It set a precedent for the First Amendment's guarantee of religious freedom, embodying Enlightenment ideals and the separation of church and state. Newburgh Conspiracy - Answer -A threatened military coup by Continental Army officers in 1783 who were frustrated with Congress's failure to pay them. Active in March 1783. George Washington defused the situation, reinforcing civilian control over the military—an essential tenet of American democracy. Popular sovereignty - Answer -The principle that the authority of government derives from the people; also a policy allowing settlers inU.S. territories to decide on slavery. Used politically in the 1840s and 1850s, especially around the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854). It attempted to address sectional tensions over slavery but led to violent conflict in 'Bleeding Kansas,' exposing the limits of democratic compromise over slavery. Gradual emancipation - Answer -A legislative approach to ending slavery over time rather than immediately. Primarily active in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, especially in Northern states like Pennsylvania (1780). (Free womb laws) The children of slaves would serve the first 28 years of their lives. It marked the beginning of legal challenges to slavery in the U.S. and demonstrated the uneven pace of abolition between North and South.