LRA 223 EVALUATION EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Which term best defines or describes the vertebral body of C1? - ✔✔There is no
vertebral body at C1
✔✔Scoliosis is defined as an abnormal or exaggerated ( ) curvature. - ✔✔Lateral
✔✔What is the joint classification of the zygopophyseal joints? - ✔✔synovial/diarthrodial
✔✔A fracture through the vertebral body and posterior elements caused by lap seat
belts during an auto accident involving sudden deceleration is a ( ) fracture. - ✔✔chance
✔✔which of the following statements is true for a typical adult vertebra? - ✔✔the
transverse processes extend laterally from the junction of the pedicles and laminae.
✔✔The joints between articular processes of vertebra are termed ( ) joints. -
✔✔zygapophyseal
✔✔Sciatic type of pain resulting from a "slipped disk" indicates: - ✔✔herniated nucleus
pulposus
✔✔The bony structures connected directly to the vertebral body are the: - ✔✔pedicles
✔✔Where is the articular pillar located on a cervical vertebra? - ✔✔between the
superior and inferior articular processes
✔✔T2-T3 intervertebral disk space is found at the level of the: - ✔✔jugular notch
✔✔Kyphosis is defined as a(n): - ✔✔abnormal thoracic curvature with increased
convexity
✔✔Which of the following thoracic vertebra(e) posses no facets for costotransverse
joints? - ✔✔T11-T12
✔✔Hangman's fracture - ✔✔Fracture through the pedicles and anterior arch of C2 with
forward displacement on C3
✔✔Spondylitis - ✔✔Inflammation of the vertebrae
✔✔Kyphosis - ✔✔Abnormal or exaggerated convex curvature of the thoracic spine
, ✔✔Teardrop burst fracture - ✔✔Comminuted fracture of the vertebral body with
posterior fragments displaced into the spinal canal
✔✔Clay shoveler's fracture - ✔✔Avulsion fracture of the spinous process of C7
✔✔Scoliosis - ✔✔Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
✔✔Ankylosing spondylitis - ✔✔A form of rheumatoid arthritis
✔✔Jefferson fracture - ✔✔Impact fracture from axial loading of the anterior and
posterior arch of C1
✔✔Scheuermann disease - ✔✔Mild from of scoliosis and kyphosis developing during
adolescence
✔✔Unilateral subluxation - ✔✔Produces the "bow tie" sign
✔✔The "nose" of the "Scottie Dog" represents the spinous process of a lumbar
vertebra. - ✔✔False
✔✔Which of the following topographic landmarks corresponds with the L4-L5 vertebral
level? - ✔✔Iliac crest
✔✔The intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine are located at an angle of ( ) in
relation to the midsagittal plane. - ✔✔90 degrees
✔✔the eye of the "scottie dog" represents the ( ) of the lumbar vertebrae. - ✔✔pedicle
✔✔A congenital condition in which the posterior aspects of the vertebrae fail to develop
is termed: - ✔✔Spina Bifida
✔✔An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is a congenital condition termed: -
✔✔Scoliosis
✔✔The "scottie dog" sign is demonstrated with oblique projections of the thoracic and
lumbar spine - ✔✔False
✔✔The zygapophyseal joints of the upper lumbar vertebrae are ( ) in relationship to the
midsagittal plane - ✔✔50 degrees
✔✔The small section of bone found between the superior and inferior articular
processes of the lumbar spine is termed: - ✔✔pars interarticularis
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Which term best defines or describes the vertebral body of C1? - ✔✔There is no
vertebral body at C1
✔✔Scoliosis is defined as an abnormal or exaggerated ( ) curvature. - ✔✔Lateral
✔✔What is the joint classification of the zygopophyseal joints? - ✔✔synovial/diarthrodial
✔✔A fracture through the vertebral body and posterior elements caused by lap seat
belts during an auto accident involving sudden deceleration is a ( ) fracture. - ✔✔chance
✔✔which of the following statements is true for a typical adult vertebra? - ✔✔the
transverse processes extend laterally from the junction of the pedicles and laminae.
✔✔The joints between articular processes of vertebra are termed ( ) joints. -
✔✔zygapophyseal
✔✔Sciatic type of pain resulting from a "slipped disk" indicates: - ✔✔herniated nucleus
pulposus
✔✔The bony structures connected directly to the vertebral body are the: - ✔✔pedicles
✔✔Where is the articular pillar located on a cervical vertebra? - ✔✔between the
superior and inferior articular processes
✔✔T2-T3 intervertebral disk space is found at the level of the: - ✔✔jugular notch
✔✔Kyphosis is defined as a(n): - ✔✔abnormal thoracic curvature with increased
convexity
✔✔Which of the following thoracic vertebra(e) posses no facets for costotransverse
joints? - ✔✔T11-T12
✔✔Hangman's fracture - ✔✔Fracture through the pedicles and anterior arch of C2 with
forward displacement on C3
✔✔Spondylitis - ✔✔Inflammation of the vertebrae
✔✔Kyphosis - ✔✔Abnormal or exaggerated convex curvature of the thoracic spine
, ✔✔Teardrop burst fracture - ✔✔Comminuted fracture of the vertebral body with
posterior fragments displaced into the spinal canal
✔✔Clay shoveler's fracture - ✔✔Avulsion fracture of the spinous process of C7
✔✔Scoliosis - ✔✔Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
✔✔Ankylosing spondylitis - ✔✔A form of rheumatoid arthritis
✔✔Jefferson fracture - ✔✔Impact fracture from axial loading of the anterior and
posterior arch of C1
✔✔Scheuermann disease - ✔✔Mild from of scoliosis and kyphosis developing during
adolescence
✔✔Unilateral subluxation - ✔✔Produces the "bow tie" sign
✔✔The "nose" of the "Scottie Dog" represents the spinous process of a lumbar
vertebra. - ✔✔False
✔✔Which of the following topographic landmarks corresponds with the L4-L5 vertebral
level? - ✔✔Iliac crest
✔✔The intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine are located at an angle of ( ) in
relation to the midsagittal plane. - ✔✔90 degrees
✔✔the eye of the "scottie dog" represents the ( ) of the lumbar vertebrae. - ✔✔pedicle
✔✔A congenital condition in which the posterior aspects of the vertebrae fail to develop
is termed: - ✔✔Spina Bifida
✔✔An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is a congenital condition termed: -
✔✔Scoliosis
✔✔The "scottie dog" sign is demonstrated with oblique projections of the thoracic and
lumbar spine - ✔✔False
✔✔The zygapophyseal joints of the upper lumbar vertebrae are ( ) in relationship to the
midsagittal plane - ✔✔50 degrees
✔✔The small section of bone found between the superior and inferior articular
processes of the lumbar spine is termed: - ✔✔pars interarticularis
