7th Grade Civics EOC Review Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Version 2025
Baron De Montesquieu - Answers View "separation of power"
Founding Fathers used his views when writing the Constitution.
He described the separation of political power among a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary
John Locke - Answers He wrote that government is morally obligated to serve people, namely by
protecting their natural rights of life, liberty, and property.
Think-Declaration of Independence
John Locke "Social Contract" - Answers A social contract is the belief that the state only exists to serve
the will of the people.
He believed when government violates individual rights, people were obligated to rebel.
Think - Declaration of Independence/American Revolution
Magna Carta (1215) - Answers First document to limit the powers of the king - signed in 1215.
Citizens could not be deprived of life, liberty or property without a lawful judgment of their peers or by
law of the land.
Represented by the fifth amendment.
English Bill of Rights (1689) - Answers Established freedom from taxation without representation,
outlawed cruel and unusual punishment, guaranteed the right to bear arms, and many other rights.
Many of these same rights are included in the U.S. Constitution.
Mayflower Compact (1620) - Answers First document to establish self-government in the colonies.
Signed before the passengers left the ship, The Mayflower, to settle in Plymouth Colony.
Common Sense (Thomas Paine) - Answers Pamphlet encouraging colonists to demand their rights as
citizens and support independence for the colonies.
Ideas are echoed in the Declaration of Independence.
Self-Government - Answers Government or control of a country by its own members rather than by
members of a different country.
Declaration of Independence - Answers Statement of American ideals -role of government is to protect
their natural rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness) - adopted July 4, 1776.
Also listed grievances against the king. Colonists were angry over being taxed without their consent (no
taxation without representation).
,Assent - Answers Official approval or agreement
Tyranny - Answers Cruel and oppressive government or rule.
Shay's Rebellion (1787) - Answers Protests by Massachusetts farmers over tax collections and judgments
for debt. State militia crushed the rebels.
Alarmed politicians - cited as a reason to revise or replace the Articles of Confederation.
Articles of Confederation - Answers First form of government for America.
Many Weaknesses:
Only had a Congress where 9 out of the 13 states had to agree.
No executive or judicial branch (power to enforce or interpret laws).
States had the majority of the power.
Country in debt - no way to raise money.
Preamble to the Constitution - Answers Introduction to the U.S. Constitution, establishing the goals and
purposes of government.
"We the People" = government depends on the people for its power and exists to serve them.
Sets up the six goals of government.
Constitutional Government - Answers Any government whose authority and construction are defined by
a constitution.
Separation of Powers - Answers Powers of government are divided among three branches of
government: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.
Limits the power of government.
Montesquieu (French philosopher) believed this was a way to ensure liberty.
Checks and Balances - Answers Each governmental branch has powers to limit (check) the other
branches.
Keeps the balance of power relatively equal between the branches.
Montesquieu (French philosopher) believed this was a way to ensure liberty.
Federalists - Answers Supporters of the Constitution who believe a strong national government is
needed to keep the country united.
Published the Federalist Papers to gain support for the Constitution.
, Anti-
Federalists - Answers Feared a strong federal government as created by the Constitution.
Did not believe it would protect states' rights nor people's freedom.
As the Constitution is ratified, they push for a "Bill of Rights" to protect individual liberties.
Bill of Rights - Answers First 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution - details the specific freedoms that
belong to each American citizen.
Rule of Law - Answers No one is above the law.
Foundation of liberty in the United States and it protects us from tyranny; Constitution = limited
government.
Civil Law - Answers Group of laws that refer to disputes among people or organizations.
Criminal Law - Answers Group of laws that define what acts/activities are crimes.
Describes how a person accused of a crime should be tried in court and how crimes should be punished.
Constitutional Law - Answers Based on the Constitution and on Supreme Court decisions interpreting
the Constitution
Statutory Law - Answers Laws that are passed by a law-making body (such as Congress).
Most criminal and many civil laws are also these types of laws.
Military Law - Answers Governs the behavior of men and women in all branches of the U.S. armed
forces.
Common Law - Answers Type of law that develops from judges previous decisions and is followed in
situations not covered by statutory law.
Sometimes, also called case law.
Juvenile Law - Answers An area of the law that deals with the actions and well-being of persons who are
not yet adults.
Citizenship - Answers As defined by the 14th Amendment: all who are born or naturalized in the United
States are citizens of the United States and of the state they reside in.
Naturalization - Answers Legal process through which immigrants become U.S. citizens.
Must be at least 18 years old, have a background check showing "good moral character", be
fingerprinted, and pass tests on civics, U.S. history, and English
Must take Oath of Allegiance to the United States.
Baron De Montesquieu - Answers View "separation of power"
Founding Fathers used his views when writing the Constitution.
He described the separation of political power among a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary
John Locke - Answers He wrote that government is morally obligated to serve people, namely by
protecting their natural rights of life, liberty, and property.
Think-Declaration of Independence
John Locke "Social Contract" - Answers A social contract is the belief that the state only exists to serve
the will of the people.
He believed when government violates individual rights, people were obligated to rebel.
Think - Declaration of Independence/American Revolution
Magna Carta (1215) - Answers First document to limit the powers of the king - signed in 1215.
Citizens could not be deprived of life, liberty or property without a lawful judgment of their peers or by
law of the land.
Represented by the fifth amendment.
English Bill of Rights (1689) - Answers Established freedom from taxation without representation,
outlawed cruel and unusual punishment, guaranteed the right to bear arms, and many other rights.
Many of these same rights are included in the U.S. Constitution.
Mayflower Compact (1620) - Answers First document to establish self-government in the colonies.
Signed before the passengers left the ship, The Mayflower, to settle in Plymouth Colony.
Common Sense (Thomas Paine) - Answers Pamphlet encouraging colonists to demand their rights as
citizens and support independence for the colonies.
Ideas are echoed in the Declaration of Independence.
Self-Government - Answers Government or control of a country by its own members rather than by
members of a different country.
Declaration of Independence - Answers Statement of American ideals -role of government is to protect
their natural rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness) - adopted July 4, 1776.
Also listed grievances against the king. Colonists were angry over being taxed without their consent (no
taxation without representation).
,Assent - Answers Official approval or agreement
Tyranny - Answers Cruel and oppressive government or rule.
Shay's Rebellion (1787) - Answers Protests by Massachusetts farmers over tax collections and judgments
for debt. State militia crushed the rebels.
Alarmed politicians - cited as a reason to revise or replace the Articles of Confederation.
Articles of Confederation - Answers First form of government for America.
Many Weaknesses:
Only had a Congress where 9 out of the 13 states had to agree.
No executive or judicial branch (power to enforce or interpret laws).
States had the majority of the power.
Country in debt - no way to raise money.
Preamble to the Constitution - Answers Introduction to the U.S. Constitution, establishing the goals and
purposes of government.
"We the People" = government depends on the people for its power and exists to serve them.
Sets up the six goals of government.
Constitutional Government - Answers Any government whose authority and construction are defined by
a constitution.
Separation of Powers - Answers Powers of government are divided among three branches of
government: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.
Limits the power of government.
Montesquieu (French philosopher) believed this was a way to ensure liberty.
Checks and Balances - Answers Each governmental branch has powers to limit (check) the other
branches.
Keeps the balance of power relatively equal between the branches.
Montesquieu (French philosopher) believed this was a way to ensure liberty.
Federalists - Answers Supporters of the Constitution who believe a strong national government is
needed to keep the country united.
Published the Federalist Papers to gain support for the Constitution.
, Anti-
Federalists - Answers Feared a strong federal government as created by the Constitution.
Did not believe it would protect states' rights nor people's freedom.
As the Constitution is ratified, they push for a "Bill of Rights" to protect individual liberties.
Bill of Rights - Answers First 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution - details the specific freedoms that
belong to each American citizen.
Rule of Law - Answers No one is above the law.
Foundation of liberty in the United States and it protects us from tyranny; Constitution = limited
government.
Civil Law - Answers Group of laws that refer to disputes among people or organizations.
Criminal Law - Answers Group of laws that define what acts/activities are crimes.
Describes how a person accused of a crime should be tried in court and how crimes should be punished.
Constitutional Law - Answers Based on the Constitution and on Supreme Court decisions interpreting
the Constitution
Statutory Law - Answers Laws that are passed by a law-making body (such as Congress).
Most criminal and many civil laws are also these types of laws.
Military Law - Answers Governs the behavior of men and women in all branches of the U.S. armed
forces.
Common Law - Answers Type of law that develops from judges previous decisions and is followed in
situations not covered by statutory law.
Sometimes, also called case law.
Juvenile Law - Answers An area of the law that deals with the actions and well-being of persons who are
not yet adults.
Citizenship - Answers As defined by the 14th Amendment: all who are born or naturalized in the United
States are citizens of the United States and of the state they reside in.
Naturalization - Answers Legal process through which immigrants become U.S. citizens.
Must be at least 18 years old, have a background check showing "good moral character", be
fingerprinted, and pass tests on civics, U.S. history, and English
Must take Oath of Allegiance to the United States.
