GNRS 555 - Fluid & Electrolytes + Acid/Base Balance
Questions With Complete Solutions
ABG Values that you need to know Correct
Answers Acidic ---- Alkalotic
pH: 7.35-7.45
PaCO2: 45-35
HCO3: 22-26
PaO2: 80-100
An increase in H+ results in....
A decrease in H+ results in... Correct Answers
Increase: acidity
Decrease: alkalinity
Arterial blood gas values provide info about...
Correct Answers -Acid-base status
-Underlying cause of imbalance
-Body's ability to regulate pH
-Overall oxygen status
Buffers Correct Answers Act chemically to
neutralize acids or change strong acids to weak
acids
-Primary regulators
-React immediately
-Cannot maintain pH without adequate
respiratory and renal function
,Ex: protein buffers - albumin, globulins,
hemoglobin
chemical - bicarbonate, phosphate
Calcium Correct Answers THINK
NEUROMUSCULAR
*Major cation in teeth & bones (99% of body's
Ca2+ in bones)
*Inverse relationship with Phosphate
Plays a role in:
-Transmission of nerve impulses
-Muscle & myocardial contractions
-Formation of teeth & bones
-Blood clotting
Regulated by: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and
Calcitonin from thyroid gland & Vitamin D to ↑ GI
absorption
*LOW SERUM Ca2+
-PTH stimulation → increases Ca2+ reabsorption in
bone, GI, kidneys
*HIGH SERUM Ca2+
-Calcitonin stimulation → increases Ca2+
deposition into bone, ↓ GI absorption, & ↓renal
excretion
, CATS of hypocalcemia Correct Answers C:
convulsions
A: arrhythmias
T: tetany
S: spasms and stridor
Chvostek's Sign Correct Answers Cheek, facial
spasm when Cheek is tapped associates with
hypocalcemia
compensated metabolic acidosis Correct Answers
Normal pH, low HCO3
-PaCO2 decreased
compensated metabolic alkalosis Correct Answers
Normal pH, high HCO3
-PaCO2 increased
Compensated respiratory acidosis Correct Answers
pH normal
PaCO2 > 45
HCO3 > 26 (bicarb increases)
Compensated respiratory alkalosis Correct
Answers pH normal
PaCO2 < 35
HCO3 < 22 (bicarb decreases)
Questions With Complete Solutions
ABG Values that you need to know Correct
Answers Acidic ---- Alkalotic
pH: 7.35-7.45
PaCO2: 45-35
HCO3: 22-26
PaO2: 80-100
An increase in H+ results in....
A decrease in H+ results in... Correct Answers
Increase: acidity
Decrease: alkalinity
Arterial blood gas values provide info about...
Correct Answers -Acid-base status
-Underlying cause of imbalance
-Body's ability to regulate pH
-Overall oxygen status
Buffers Correct Answers Act chemically to
neutralize acids or change strong acids to weak
acids
-Primary regulators
-React immediately
-Cannot maintain pH without adequate
respiratory and renal function
,Ex: protein buffers - albumin, globulins,
hemoglobin
chemical - bicarbonate, phosphate
Calcium Correct Answers THINK
NEUROMUSCULAR
*Major cation in teeth & bones (99% of body's
Ca2+ in bones)
*Inverse relationship with Phosphate
Plays a role in:
-Transmission of nerve impulses
-Muscle & myocardial contractions
-Formation of teeth & bones
-Blood clotting
Regulated by: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and
Calcitonin from thyroid gland & Vitamin D to ↑ GI
absorption
*LOW SERUM Ca2+
-PTH stimulation → increases Ca2+ reabsorption in
bone, GI, kidneys
*HIGH SERUM Ca2+
-Calcitonin stimulation → increases Ca2+
deposition into bone, ↓ GI absorption, & ↓renal
excretion
, CATS of hypocalcemia Correct Answers C:
convulsions
A: arrhythmias
T: tetany
S: spasms and stridor
Chvostek's Sign Correct Answers Cheek, facial
spasm when Cheek is tapped associates with
hypocalcemia
compensated metabolic acidosis Correct Answers
Normal pH, low HCO3
-PaCO2 decreased
compensated metabolic alkalosis Correct Answers
Normal pH, high HCO3
-PaCO2 increased
Compensated respiratory acidosis Correct Answers
pH normal
PaCO2 > 45
HCO3 > 26 (bicarb increases)
Compensated respiratory alkalosis Correct
Answers pH normal
PaCO2 < 35
HCO3 < 22 (bicarb decreases)
