BIO 152 Exam 1 Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Which feature is required for a molecule to be considered biological? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - it must have a carbon backbone
- it must contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Composition of cells - CORRECT ANSWER - - Nucleus (DNA - genetic information)
- Membrane (compartmentalization)
-Protein and RNA
- Abilities to reproduce
- Cytoplasm (cytosol)
- Carbon
- Water
Why is carbon highly verstile? - CORRECT ANSWER - Carbon can form four bonds
because of a unpaired electron on each side of it.
Which of the following correctly identifies the four major classes of biological molecules? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids
Monomer of a carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER - glucose (monosaccharide)
macromolecules of carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - disaccharide (sucrose)
polysaccharide (amylose starch)
,Functions of Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Stored Energy: such as starch in
plants and glycogen in animals
2) High Energy Molecules: such as glucose to drive production of ATP
3) Structural support: Such as chitin, the major structural molecule in the shell of a beetle
What are lipids often referred to as? - CORRECT ANSWER - fats and oils
Overall structure of lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - - varies but often neutral or mostly
neutral molecules dominated by hydrocarbons
- hydrocarbon tails (fatty acids) can be saturated with hydrogens or unsaturated
Saturated fatty acids - CORRECT ANSWER - consists of triglycerides whose carbon
carbon chains consist of carbon-carbon SINGLE bonds
form straight chains - easier to pack together tight - more likely to be a solid at room temp
maximum # bonds between C-H
Unsaturated fatty acids - CORRECT ANSWER - consists of triglycerides whose carbon
chains contain one or more carbon-carbon DOUBLE bonds
form kinked chains - difficult to pack in tight - more likely to be a liquid at room temp
less than maximum # bonds between C-H
Triglycerides - CORRECT ANSWER - storage form of energy for lipids
, 3 tails
Phospholipids - CORRECT ANSWER - main molecule used to build cell membranes
Structure of Cholesterol and other steroids - CORRECT ANSWER - four distinct C-H
rings with an unique side chain. Overall neutral and hydrophobic, but can have regions that are
amphipathic like the phospholipids.
Function of Cholesterol and other steroids - CORRECT ANSWER - contribute to
properties of cell membranes, including fluidity and permeability. Some also modified into
communication/signaling molecules.
Functions of Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.) Structure - hydrophobic membranes of
cells and organelles
2) High energy molecules - such as fatty acids to drive production of ATP
3.) Signaling molecules - such as testosterone and estrogen
Overall Structure of Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - made from long chains of amino
acids (monomers) that have undergone cell guided folding and assembly processing
R represents a chemical group that can vary from one amino acid to another. There are 20-22
unique R groups associated with the amino acids in proteins, so there are 20-22 different amino
acids.
4 general levels of protein assembly - CORRECT ANSWER - Primary Protein Structure:
sequence of a chain of amino acids
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Which feature is required for a molecule to be considered biological? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - it must have a carbon backbone
- it must contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Composition of cells - CORRECT ANSWER - - Nucleus (DNA - genetic information)
- Membrane (compartmentalization)
-Protein and RNA
- Abilities to reproduce
- Cytoplasm (cytosol)
- Carbon
- Water
Why is carbon highly verstile? - CORRECT ANSWER - Carbon can form four bonds
because of a unpaired electron on each side of it.
Which of the following correctly identifies the four major classes of biological molecules? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids
Monomer of a carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER - glucose (monosaccharide)
macromolecules of carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - disaccharide (sucrose)
polysaccharide (amylose starch)
,Functions of Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Stored Energy: such as starch in
plants and glycogen in animals
2) High Energy Molecules: such as glucose to drive production of ATP
3) Structural support: Such as chitin, the major structural molecule in the shell of a beetle
What are lipids often referred to as? - CORRECT ANSWER - fats and oils
Overall structure of lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - - varies but often neutral or mostly
neutral molecules dominated by hydrocarbons
- hydrocarbon tails (fatty acids) can be saturated with hydrogens or unsaturated
Saturated fatty acids - CORRECT ANSWER - consists of triglycerides whose carbon
carbon chains consist of carbon-carbon SINGLE bonds
form straight chains - easier to pack together tight - more likely to be a solid at room temp
maximum # bonds between C-H
Unsaturated fatty acids - CORRECT ANSWER - consists of triglycerides whose carbon
chains contain one or more carbon-carbon DOUBLE bonds
form kinked chains - difficult to pack in tight - more likely to be a liquid at room temp
less than maximum # bonds between C-H
Triglycerides - CORRECT ANSWER - storage form of energy for lipids
, 3 tails
Phospholipids - CORRECT ANSWER - main molecule used to build cell membranes
Structure of Cholesterol and other steroids - CORRECT ANSWER - four distinct C-H
rings with an unique side chain. Overall neutral and hydrophobic, but can have regions that are
amphipathic like the phospholipids.
Function of Cholesterol and other steroids - CORRECT ANSWER - contribute to
properties of cell membranes, including fluidity and permeability. Some also modified into
communication/signaling molecules.
Functions of Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.) Structure - hydrophobic membranes of
cells and organelles
2) High energy molecules - such as fatty acids to drive production of ATP
3.) Signaling molecules - such as testosterone and estrogen
Overall Structure of Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - made from long chains of amino
acids (monomers) that have undergone cell guided folding and assembly processing
R represents a chemical group that can vary from one amino acid to another. There are 20-22
unique R groups associated with the amino acids in proteins, so there are 20-22 different amino
acids.
4 general levels of protein assembly - CORRECT ANSWER - Primary Protein Structure:
sequence of a chain of amino acids
