Transition Metals
98 atienienattiistianetimentssatarbeletriannstitionampaertaiggly filled d subshe
d sub shell can hold up to 10 e
electron configuration
fill in their 4s subshell before 3d subshell lose 4s e before 35 too
EXCEPTION Chromiumand Copperbehavedifferently an e from the as
bitalmovesintothe 3d orbital to create a more stable half full or full 3dsubshell
Cr 1 Pd 45
cu ti ti ti ti ti i
scandium and zinc are not transition elements
scandium forms only 1 stable ion ofSc3 7 Scot has an EMPTYdsubshel
zinc forms only 1 stable ion of 2n2 72 n it has a full d subs hell
notpartially filled not a transition element
transition metals have variable oxidation states becausee sit in 4s and
d energy levels which grseffstyngelaossiemilar
e are gained and I amountofenergy
transition metals formcoloured ions in solution
vet violet worst VIOLET GREEN REEN Cult BLUE
V3t GREEN L Cr 072 ORANGE Fest YELLOW
V02t BLUE L MM
VOLT YELLOW DMNON
PALE PINK
PURPLE
111 11
transition metals are able to form complexions
complexion central transition metal ion is surroundedbyligandsbonded
y dative covalent co ordinate bonds
e.gl
Iliganoverallcharge
central
effigy
metal ion
ligand an ion atom or molecule that has at least one lone pair of
ectrons can be monodentate bidentate or polydentate
monodentateconidentate only have one lone pair of electrons
e g H2o NH3 Ct
bidentate have 2 lonepairs ofelectrons
e.gl o o
c c
o
Ethanedioate
no
cha CHIEF
thane 1,2diamine
polydentate4 multidentate 6 cohave more than 2 lone pairs of electrons
e g EDTA can form ordinatebondswith central metal ion
complexshapes shape is dependent on the size of the ligandandco ordination
umber no of co ordinatebondsNOTnumber of ligands
co ordination numberG octahedral
be.gl
i Einar
1 H H
L all bond angles are 900
, co ordination number 4 tetrahedral and square planar
be.gl
t
it
finger
Éuct
9 iaas op Iicentistaccnalcag
HzN NH3 i cis platin
anticancerdru
bondangle is109.50 i bondangle is goo
co ordination number 2 linear
e9
HN AgenH3 Tag NH3 2 t
to lien's reagent
bond angle is 1800
overall charge on complex its total oxidation state
is total oxstate of metal total ox state total ox state of ligands
e.si
1 IIE EIIE 2 2
199 89igbianmitriatentiateidigtantdraffionratinmaenmogriffin in blood
structure ggtahedral
4 of the N come from one multidentate ligandcalle
Yi na em
one of the dativebondscomesfrom a largeprotein globi
coordinate bondcomesfrom either an oxygen or
globinprotein final molecule dependingon where the haemoglobin
water
how it works
Oz substitutes the 1420ligand in the lungs where Ozconc is highto form
lyhaemoglobin transportedaround thebody oxyhaemoglobingivesupOzto a place
here it isneeded respiring cells H2otakes the place and haemoglobin returns
act to the lungsto start theprocessagain
carbonmonoxide silent killer poisonousgas that causesheadaches
nconsciousnessand evendeath if inhaledtheH2oligandisreplacedwith CO ligand
utbondsstronglysoit's not readilyreplacedbyOz or H2O 3 02can'tbe transporte
nd leads to lack ofOz to organs
complex ions showopticalisomerism non superimposable mirror images
octahedral complexes with 3 bidentateligandsshowopticalisomers
be.gl
complex ions also show cis trans isomerism
octahedralcomplexes with 4 ligands ofthe sametypeand 2ligandsof
differenttypedisplaycis trans isomerism
eg
Fans coH2o act2 ag Fis Co42074112 a
same ligandopposite i same ligand
each other adjacentto eachother
98 atienienattiistianetimentssatarbeletriannstitionampaertaiggly filled d subshe
d sub shell can hold up to 10 e
electron configuration
fill in their 4s subshell before 3d subshell lose 4s e before 35 too
EXCEPTION Chromiumand Copperbehavedifferently an e from the as
bitalmovesintothe 3d orbital to create a more stable half full or full 3dsubshell
Cr 1 Pd 45
cu ti ti ti ti ti i
scandium and zinc are not transition elements
scandium forms only 1 stable ion ofSc3 7 Scot has an EMPTYdsubshel
zinc forms only 1 stable ion of 2n2 72 n it has a full d subs hell
notpartially filled not a transition element
transition metals have variable oxidation states becausee sit in 4s and
d energy levels which grseffstyngelaossiemilar
e are gained and I amountofenergy
transition metals formcoloured ions in solution
vet violet worst VIOLET GREEN REEN Cult BLUE
V3t GREEN L Cr 072 ORANGE Fest YELLOW
V02t BLUE L MM
VOLT YELLOW DMNON
PALE PINK
PURPLE
111 11
transition metals are able to form complexions
complexion central transition metal ion is surroundedbyligandsbonded
y dative covalent co ordinate bonds
e.gl
Iliganoverallcharge
central
effigy
metal ion
ligand an ion atom or molecule that has at least one lone pair of
ectrons can be monodentate bidentate or polydentate
monodentateconidentate only have one lone pair of electrons
e g H2o NH3 Ct
bidentate have 2 lonepairs ofelectrons
e.gl o o
c c
o
Ethanedioate
no
cha CHIEF
thane 1,2diamine
polydentate4 multidentate 6 cohave more than 2 lone pairs of electrons
e g EDTA can form ordinatebondswith central metal ion
complexshapes shape is dependent on the size of the ligandandco ordination
umber no of co ordinatebondsNOTnumber of ligands
co ordination numberG octahedral
be.gl
i Einar
1 H H
L all bond angles are 900
, co ordination number 4 tetrahedral and square planar
be.gl
t
it
finger
Éuct
9 iaas op Iicentistaccnalcag
HzN NH3 i cis platin
anticancerdru
bondangle is109.50 i bondangle is goo
co ordination number 2 linear
e9
HN AgenH3 Tag NH3 2 t
to lien's reagent
bond angle is 1800
overall charge on complex its total oxidation state
is total oxstate of metal total ox state total ox state of ligands
e.si
1 IIE EIIE 2 2
199 89igbianmitriatentiateidigtantdraffionratinmaenmogriffin in blood
structure ggtahedral
4 of the N come from one multidentate ligandcalle
Yi na em
one of the dativebondscomesfrom a largeprotein globi
coordinate bondcomesfrom either an oxygen or
globinprotein final molecule dependingon where the haemoglobin
water
how it works
Oz substitutes the 1420ligand in the lungs where Ozconc is highto form
lyhaemoglobin transportedaround thebody oxyhaemoglobingivesupOzto a place
here it isneeded respiring cells H2otakes the place and haemoglobin returns
act to the lungsto start theprocessagain
carbonmonoxide silent killer poisonousgas that causesheadaches
nconsciousnessand evendeath if inhaledtheH2oligandisreplacedwith CO ligand
utbondsstronglysoit's not readilyreplacedbyOz or H2O 3 02can'tbe transporte
nd leads to lack ofOz to organs
complex ions showopticalisomerism non superimposable mirror images
octahedral complexes with 3 bidentateligandsshowopticalisomers
be.gl
complex ions also show cis trans isomerism
octahedralcomplexes with 4 ligands ofthe sametypeand 2ligandsof
differenttypedisplaycis trans isomerism
eg
Fans coH2o act2 ag Fis Co42074112 a
same ligandopposite i same ligand
each other adjacentto eachother
