Hole's Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter 15
(Cardiovascular System)
Name the parts of the cardiovascular system: - ANS Heart ->Arteries -> Arterioles -> Capillaries
-> Venules -> Veins -> Heart
Describe the function of the pulmonary circuit: - ANS Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to
become oxygenated.
Describe the function of the systemic circuit: - ANS Sends oxygenated blood to the body in
order to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells
Name the two primary circuits of the cardiovascular system: - ANS Pulmonary circuit and
systemic circuit
Give the size of an average adult heart: - ANS 14 centimeters long
9 centimeters wide
Give the location of the base of the heart: - ANS Beneath the second rib
Give the location of the apex of the heart: - ANS Fifth intercostal space
Name the three pericardium layers: - ANS Fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium
The pericardial cavity contains: - ANS Serous fluid
What is the function of the serous fluid in the pericardial cavity? - ANS Reduces friction
between the pericardial membranes as the heart moves
Name the layers that form the wall of the heart: - ANS Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Which layer of the wall of the heart is composed of epithelium and connective tissue that form a
protective inner lining for the heart chambers and valves? - ANS Endocarcium
, Which layer of the wall of the heart is composed of epithelium and connective tissue that form a
protective outer coating that also secretes serous fluid? - ANS Epicardium
Which layer of the wall of the heart is composed of connective tissue and cardiac muscle that
contracts to pump blood? - ANS Myocardium
Name the four chambers of the heart: - ANS Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left
ventricle
Which blood vessels carry blood into the right atrium? - ANS Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Describe the oxygen level of the blood that enters the right atrium: - ANS Low
Where does blood go after it leaves the right ventricle? - ANS Pulmonary trunk
Which blood vessels carry blood into the left atrium? - ANS Right and left pulmonary veins
Describe the oxygen level of the blood entering the left atrium: - ANS High
Where does blood go after it leaves the left ventricle? - ANS Out the aorta
Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than that of the right ventricle? - ANS The left
ventricle pumps the blood to all of the body (systemic circuit) while the right ventricle only pumps
blood through the pulmonary circuit.
What prevents blood from being pushed back into each atrium during ventricular contraction? -
ANS Atrioventricular valves
(Bicuspid and Tricuspid)
What prevents blood from flowing back into each ventricle when the ventricles relax? - ANS
Semilunar, Pulmonary, and Aortic vavle
What constitutes a cardiac cycle? - ANS -Atria contract while ventricles relax
-Ventricles contract while the atria relax
-Atria and ventricles relax
Describe the pressure changes in the atria and ventricles during a cardiac cycle: - ANS Blood
moves from high pressure to low pressure
How does pressure affect the heart valves? - ANS Pressure open and closes the valves
low pressure = valves open
high pressure = valves closed
(Cardiovascular System)
Name the parts of the cardiovascular system: - ANS Heart ->Arteries -> Arterioles -> Capillaries
-> Venules -> Veins -> Heart
Describe the function of the pulmonary circuit: - ANS Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to
become oxygenated.
Describe the function of the systemic circuit: - ANS Sends oxygenated blood to the body in
order to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells
Name the two primary circuits of the cardiovascular system: - ANS Pulmonary circuit and
systemic circuit
Give the size of an average adult heart: - ANS 14 centimeters long
9 centimeters wide
Give the location of the base of the heart: - ANS Beneath the second rib
Give the location of the apex of the heart: - ANS Fifth intercostal space
Name the three pericardium layers: - ANS Fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium
The pericardial cavity contains: - ANS Serous fluid
What is the function of the serous fluid in the pericardial cavity? - ANS Reduces friction
between the pericardial membranes as the heart moves
Name the layers that form the wall of the heart: - ANS Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Which layer of the wall of the heart is composed of epithelium and connective tissue that form a
protective inner lining for the heart chambers and valves? - ANS Endocarcium
, Which layer of the wall of the heart is composed of epithelium and connective tissue that form a
protective outer coating that also secretes serous fluid? - ANS Epicardium
Which layer of the wall of the heart is composed of connective tissue and cardiac muscle that
contracts to pump blood? - ANS Myocardium
Name the four chambers of the heart: - ANS Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left
ventricle
Which blood vessels carry blood into the right atrium? - ANS Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Describe the oxygen level of the blood that enters the right atrium: - ANS Low
Where does blood go after it leaves the right ventricle? - ANS Pulmonary trunk
Which blood vessels carry blood into the left atrium? - ANS Right and left pulmonary veins
Describe the oxygen level of the blood entering the left atrium: - ANS High
Where does blood go after it leaves the left ventricle? - ANS Out the aorta
Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than that of the right ventricle? - ANS The left
ventricle pumps the blood to all of the body (systemic circuit) while the right ventricle only pumps
blood through the pulmonary circuit.
What prevents blood from being pushed back into each atrium during ventricular contraction? -
ANS Atrioventricular valves
(Bicuspid and Tricuspid)
What prevents blood from flowing back into each ventricle when the ventricles relax? - ANS
Semilunar, Pulmonary, and Aortic vavle
What constitutes a cardiac cycle? - ANS -Atria contract while ventricles relax
-Ventricles contract while the atria relax
-Atria and ventricles relax
Describe the pressure changes in the atria and ventricles during a cardiac cycle: - ANS Blood
moves from high pressure to low pressure
How does pressure affect the heart valves? - ANS Pressure open and closes the valves
low pressure = valves open
high pressure = valves closed
