PPCC Bio 111: Exam 1 Review: Chapters 1-4 Questions with Complete Solutions 100%
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What makes up the nucleus of an atom? Protons and Neutrons
What are electrons? these orbit the nucleus and can be found in a "cloud" that surrounds
the nucleus
How many electrons can the first "shell" hold? 2
How many electrons can any shell after the first hold? up to 8
What is the outer most shell of an atom called? The Valence Shell
How many electrons can the valence shell hold at maximum? 8
Isotope the nucleus has the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons
Cation a positively charged ion (it lost an electron) HINT: Cats are Positive!
Anion a negatively charged ion (it gained an electron) HINT: The ANtagonist of a story is bad
Molecule a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of
a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction
Compound a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements
, Covalent Bond Sharing a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms
Single Bond H-H sharing a PAIR of valence electrons
Double Bond O=O sharing 2 PAIRS of valence electrons
Electronegativity an atoms attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond
***Here's my personal tip for remembering Polar Bonds*** ***In order of electronegativity
(most to least) it's Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen. When Oxygen bonds with Hydrogen, to
make water, they're held together by Polar Covalent Bonds. They're polar because they're
POLAR opposites on the "spectrum"***
Ionic Bonds atoms steal electrons form bonding partners after the transfer (NA+ and Cl-,
opposites attract, and therefore they create an ionic bond)
Hydrogen Bond these form when a covalently bonded hydrogen is attracted to another
electronegative atom (usually Oxygen or Nitrogen)
What is a reversible reaction? reactants form products, which react together to give the
reactants back
EXAMPLE:
6CO2+6H2O --> AND <-- C6H12O6+6O2
Photosynthesis --> AND <--Cellular Respiration
What is chemical equilibrium? this is reached when the forward and reverse rates of a
chemical equation are equal.
Verified| Latest Update Graded A+
What makes up the nucleus of an atom? Protons and Neutrons
What are electrons? these orbit the nucleus and can be found in a "cloud" that surrounds
the nucleus
How many electrons can the first "shell" hold? 2
How many electrons can any shell after the first hold? up to 8
What is the outer most shell of an atom called? The Valence Shell
How many electrons can the valence shell hold at maximum? 8
Isotope the nucleus has the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons
Cation a positively charged ion (it lost an electron) HINT: Cats are Positive!
Anion a negatively charged ion (it gained an electron) HINT: The ANtagonist of a story is bad
Molecule a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of
a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction
Compound a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements
, Covalent Bond Sharing a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms
Single Bond H-H sharing a PAIR of valence electrons
Double Bond O=O sharing 2 PAIRS of valence electrons
Electronegativity an atoms attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond
***Here's my personal tip for remembering Polar Bonds*** ***In order of electronegativity
(most to least) it's Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen. When Oxygen bonds with Hydrogen, to
make water, they're held together by Polar Covalent Bonds. They're polar because they're
POLAR opposites on the "spectrum"***
Ionic Bonds atoms steal electrons form bonding partners after the transfer (NA+ and Cl-,
opposites attract, and therefore they create an ionic bond)
Hydrogen Bond these form when a covalently bonded hydrogen is attracted to another
electronegative atom (usually Oxygen or Nitrogen)
What is a reversible reaction? reactants form products, which react together to give the
reactants back
EXAMPLE:
6CO2+6H2O --> AND <-- C6H12O6+6O2
Photosynthesis --> AND <--Cellular Respiration
What is chemical equilibrium? this is reached when the forward and reverse rates of a
chemical equation are equal.
