IAAP CPACC Certification TEST GUIDE
REVISION QUESTION WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
Model of Disability - ANS Presents a view that pairs the problem of a person with direct link
to the trauma, disease, or health condition
Medical Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANS Pros: Addresses the biological sources of
disabilities and can provide ways to medically manage the condition
Cons: Ignores the sociopolitical and environmental factors of disability; problem of the individual
Social Model of Disability - ANS Disability is not a characteristic of the individual but the
conditions that the social environment creates that prohibit the full integration of the individual.
Social Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANS Pros: Focus on the disabling conditions in
the environment and clearing barriers that are disabling people from using society in the way
designed, the individual is not "broken"
Cons: Can downplay the embodied characteristics of disability, Can push disability advocacy
into a polarizing political space
Biophysical Model of Disability - ANS A combination of the social and medical models to
create a more complex and broad view of disability in order to not diminish one aspect for
another
Economic Model of Disability - ANS Defined by the individual not being able to participate in
work, ability or inability to contribute to the economy, assessed by the loss in productivity and
consequences for the individual, employer, and economy; directly related to the charity model
Economic Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANS Pros: Recognizes the bodily limitations
on work and that economic support may be needed
Cons: Creates a legally defined group of "needy" people which can be stigmatizing and also
leave people out that do not meet the legal threshold for disabled but need support
Functional Solutions Model of Disability - ANS Identifications of the limitations ("functional
impairments") that the disability creates with the intent to find solutions to overcome those
barriers and reduce the limitations through innovation
,Functional Solutions Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANS Pros: Results-oriented and
seeks solutions to real problems without diving into the sociopolitical implications, encourages
innovation and entrepreneurship
Cons: Can shift cost burden to the person instead of the building or organization; profit driven
can cause organization to miss the target audience and usefulness, can miss sociopolitical root
cause
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model of Disability - ANS identity by affiliation; deriving
personal identity from membership in a like-minded group (eg. Deaf Culture)
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANS Pros: Accepts
the disability completely and uses it as a point of pride
Cons: Can be negated or brought down by feeling excluded by not fitting the groups
expectations
Charity Model of Disability - ANS Sees those with disability as unfortunate or needy and
those that help as charitable and kind contributors
Charity Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANS Pros: inspires generosity
Cons: condescending, person is an "object of pity", Often short-term fixes that sacrifice effective
long-term solutions for the immediate effectiveness
Affirmation Model of Disability - ANS encourages people with disabilities to affirm their
identity and to feel comfortable in their own skin, celebrating everything about their physical
identity, including their disabilities
Sociopolitical Model of Disability - ANS activist model that emphasizes the need for human
rights for people with disabilities
Religious or Moral Model of Disability - ANS assumes that disabilities are given to people as
a punishment for actions of either the individual herself or of her parents or others who have
brought this condition upon her or a test given to the person to teach a lesson
Expert or Profession Model of Disability - ANS a variation of the medical model, disabilities
are meant to be treated and managed by people with expertise and credentials
Rehabilitation Model of Disability - ANS emphasis on therapy or rehabilitation for the person
with a disability to improve the person's ability to function and compensate for the disability
How many people have a disability? - ANS 20% or 1 in 5 have some kind of disability
Temporary Disability - ANS injury, incident, or surgery that temporarily changes a persons
ability level
, Assistive Technology - ANS any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether
acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized that is used to increase, maintain,
or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities
Blindness - ANS sightlessness or a loss of vision, legal threshold of 200/20, acquity of 20
degrees
What is the number of people with vision impairment or blindness - ANS 2.2 billon
1 billion is preventable (either unaddressed refractive error, cataracts
What are some examples of assistive technology/solutions for visual impairments? - ANS
screen readers: sites must be properly designed for screen readers to work, they do not
announce text style or color
self voicing interface: broadcasts information but is not interactive
screen magnifier
audio description, speech input, canes, text contrast, braille, raised tiles on ground to indicate
platform
Low Vision - ANS vision that interferes w/ what you need to do, cannot be corrected
causes:
cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, hemianopsia, macular degeneration, retinal
detachment
What is the percent of the world population with low vision? - ANS 3.5% world pop.
246 million pepole
Color Blindness - ANS inability to distinguish between certain kinds of colors, especially
colors that are of equal brightness or luminosity
What is the most common form of color blindness? - ANS Red-Green
also called deuteranopia and protanopia
affects people mainly with Northern European ancestry (1 in 12 males and 1 in 200 females)
What is grayscale colorblindness called? - ANS Achromatopsia
minority of colorblindness scale
Deafblindness - ANS both deaf and blind but usually not fully both
REVISION QUESTION WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
Model of Disability - ANS Presents a view that pairs the problem of a person with direct link
to the trauma, disease, or health condition
Medical Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANS Pros: Addresses the biological sources of
disabilities and can provide ways to medically manage the condition
Cons: Ignores the sociopolitical and environmental factors of disability; problem of the individual
Social Model of Disability - ANS Disability is not a characteristic of the individual but the
conditions that the social environment creates that prohibit the full integration of the individual.
Social Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANS Pros: Focus on the disabling conditions in
the environment and clearing barriers that are disabling people from using society in the way
designed, the individual is not "broken"
Cons: Can downplay the embodied characteristics of disability, Can push disability advocacy
into a polarizing political space
Biophysical Model of Disability - ANS A combination of the social and medical models to
create a more complex and broad view of disability in order to not diminish one aspect for
another
Economic Model of Disability - ANS Defined by the individual not being able to participate in
work, ability or inability to contribute to the economy, assessed by the loss in productivity and
consequences for the individual, employer, and economy; directly related to the charity model
Economic Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANS Pros: Recognizes the bodily limitations
on work and that economic support may be needed
Cons: Creates a legally defined group of "needy" people which can be stigmatizing and also
leave people out that do not meet the legal threshold for disabled but need support
Functional Solutions Model of Disability - ANS Identifications of the limitations ("functional
impairments") that the disability creates with the intent to find solutions to overcome those
barriers and reduce the limitations through innovation
,Functional Solutions Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANS Pros: Results-oriented and
seeks solutions to real problems without diving into the sociopolitical implications, encourages
innovation and entrepreneurship
Cons: Can shift cost burden to the person instead of the building or organization; profit driven
can cause organization to miss the target audience and usefulness, can miss sociopolitical root
cause
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model of Disability - ANS identity by affiliation; deriving
personal identity from membership in a like-minded group (eg. Deaf Culture)
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANS Pros: Accepts
the disability completely and uses it as a point of pride
Cons: Can be negated or brought down by feeling excluded by not fitting the groups
expectations
Charity Model of Disability - ANS Sees those with disability as unfortunate or needy and
those that help as charitable and kind contributors
Charity Model of Disability Pros and Cons - ANS Pros: inspires generosity
Cons: condescending, person is an "object of pity", Often short-term fixes that sacrifice effective
long-term solutions for the immediate effectiveness
Affirmation Model of Disability - ANS encourages people with disabilities to affirm their
identity and to feel comfortable in their own skin, celebrating everything about their physical
identity, including their disabilities
Sociopolitical Model of Disability - ANS activist model that emphasizes the need for human
rights for people with disabilities
Religious or Moral Model of Disability - ANS assumes that disabilities are given to people as
a punishment for actions of either the individual herself or of her parents or others who have
brought this condition upon her or a test given to the person to teach a lesson
Expert or Profession Model of Disability - ANS a variation of the medical model, disabilities
are meant to be treated and managed by people with expertise and credentials
Rehabilitation Model of Disability - ANS emphasis on therapy or rehabilitation for the person
with a disability to improve the person's ability to function and compensate for the disability
How many people have a disability? - ANS 20% or 1 in 5 have some kind of disability
Temporary Disability - ANS injury, incident, or surgery that temporarily changes a persons
ability level
, Assistive Technology - ANS any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether
acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized that is used to increase, maintain,
or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities
Blindness - ANS sightlessness or a loss of vision, legal threshold of 200/20, acquity of 20
degrees
What is the number of people with vision impairment or blindness - ANS 2.2 billon
1 billion is preventable (either unaddressed refractive error, cataracts
What are some examples of assistive technology/solutions for visual impairments? - ANS
screen readers: sites must be properly designed for screen readers to work, they do not
announce text style or color
self voicing interface: broadcasts information but is not interactive
screen magnifier
audio description, speech input, canes, text contrast, braille, raised tiles on ground to indicate
platform
Low Vision - ANS vision that interferes w/ what you need to do, cannot be corrected
causes:
cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, hemianopsia, macular degeneration, retinal
detachment
What is the percent of the world population with low vision? - ANS 3.5% world pop.
246 million pepole
Color Blindness - ANS inability to distinguish between certain kinds of colors, especially
colors that are of equal brightness or luminosity
What is the most common form of color blindness? - ANS Red-Green
also called deuteranopia and protanopia
affects people mainly with Northern European ancestry (1 in 12 males and 1 in 200 females)
What is grayscale colorblindness called? - ANS Achromatopsia
minority of colorblindness scale
Deafblindness - ANS both deaf and blind but usually not fully both
