European & International law
Anouk Planckaert
RP1 – 2e jaar RP
1
,Inhoudsopgave
COUNCIL OF EUROPE..................................................................................................................................... 3
1. General Overview........................................................................................................................................3
2. Main Institutions.........................................................................................................................................3
3. Key Achievements........................................................................................................................................4
4. Symbols.......................................................................................................................................................4
5. Youth Work..................................................................................................................................................4
6. European Convention on Human Rights (1950)..........................................................................................4
7. International Reach.....................................................................................................................................5
LACHIRI V. BELGIUM (2018) – ECHR 303/2018................................................................................................. 5
FRANCE VS PARLIAMENT................................................................................................................................ 6
LANDMARK CASES......................................................................................................................................... 7
VATICAN CITY................................................................................................................................................. 8
EUROPEAN & INTERNATIONAL LAW............................................................................................................. 10
HOOFDSTUK 1: INTRODUCTION TO EUROPEAN LAW.....................................................................................12
STRUCTURE OF THE EU TREATIES.............................................................................................................................12
=> The Rule of Law Regarding EU Treaties....................................................................................................12
2. POWERS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION / SOURCES OF EU LAW......................................................................13
TYPES OF EU LEGISLATION.....................................................................................................................................13
EU INSTITUTIONS......................................................................................................................................... 16
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT........................................................................................................................................16
EUROPEAN COUNCIL.............................................................................................................................................17
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (COUNCIL OF THE EU)..........................................................................................17
EUROPEAN COMMISSION.......................................................................................................................................17
EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE (ECJ)........................................................................................................................18
EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK (ECB)...........................................................................................................................18
EUROPEAN COURT OF AUDITORS.............................................................................................................................19
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE (EESC).............................................................................................19
COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS (COR).......................................................................................................................19
EUROPEAN OMBUDSMAN......................................................................................................................................20
EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK (EIB).......................................................................................................................20
EU AGENCIES...................................................................................................................................................... 20
INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL LAW..................................................................................................... 22
PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW..................................................................................................................................23
PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW.................................................................................................................................23
SUPRANATIONAL LAW............................................................................................................................................23
SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW............................................................................................................... 24
ACTORS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW / INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS..........................................................24
PROVISIONAL SYLLABUS............................................................................................................................... 26
2
, Council of Europe
1. General Overview
Founded: 5 May 1949 (Treaty of London) by 10 states
Today: 47 member states, representing 820 million Europeans
Headquarters: Strasbourg, France
Core values: Human rights, democracy, rule of law
Type: Intergovernmental political organisation
2. Main Institutions
a. Committee of Ministers
Foreign ministers or ambassadors of member states
Adopts conventions and recommendations
Approves the budget
Supervises judgments of the European Court of Human Rights
b. Parliamentary Assembly
Represents national parliaments (324 members)
Elects judges, Commissioner for Human Rights, Secretary General
Holds 4 plenary sessions/year
c. Congress of Local and Regional Authorities
648 local/regional representatives from 200,000+ municipalities
Observes elections, monitors local democracy
Meets 2 times/year
d. European Court of Human Rights
47 judges (one per member state)
Enforces the European Convention on Human Rights
Open to individuals and states
18,500 judgments by 2016
e. Commissioner for Human Rights
Promotes and monitors human rights
Publishes reports after country visits
Elected for a 6-year non-renewable term
f. Conference of INGOs
3
Anouk Planckaert
RP1 – 2e jaar RP
1
,Inhoudsopgave
COUNCIL OF EUROPE..................................................................................................................................... 3
1. General Overview........................................................................................................................................3
2. Main Institutions.........................................................................................................................................3
3. Key Achievements........................................................................................................................................4
4. Symbols.......................................................................................................................................................4
5. Youth Work..................................................................................................................................................4
6. European Convention on Human Rights (1950)..........................................................................................4
7. International Reach.....................................................................................................................................5
LACHIRI V. BELGIUM (2018) – ECHR 303/2018................................................................................................. 5
FRANCE VS PARLIAMENT................................................................................................................................ 6
LANDMARK CASES......................................................................................................................................... 7
VATICAN CITY................................................................................................................................................. 8
EUROPEAN & INTERNATIONAL LAW............................................................................................................. 10
HOOFDSTUK 1: INTRODUCTION TO EUROPEAN LAW.....................................................................................12
STRUCTURE OF THE EU TREATIES.............................................................................................................................12
=> The Rule of Law Regarding EU Treaties....................................................................................................12
2. POWERS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION / SOURCES OF EU LAW......................................................................13
TYPES OF EU LEGISLATION.....................................................................................................................................13
EU INSTITUTIONS......................................................................................................................................... 16
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT........................................................................................................................................16
EUROPEAN COUNCIL.............................................................................................................................................17
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (COUNCIL OF THE EU)..........................................................................................17
EUROPEAN COMMISSION.......................................................................................................................................17
EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE (ECJ)........................................................................................................................18
EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK (ECB)...........................................................................................................................18
EUROPEAN COURT OF AUDITORS.............................................................................................................................19
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE (EESC).............................................................................................19
COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS (COR).......................................................................................................................19
EUROPEAN OMBUDSMAN......................................................................................................................................20
EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK (EIB).......................................................................................................................20
EU AGENCIES...................................................................................................................................................... 20
INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL LAW..................................................................................................... 22
PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW..................................................................................................................................23
PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW.................................................................................................................................23
SUPRANATIONAL LAW............................................................................................................................................23
SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW............................................................................................................... 24
ACTORS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW / INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS..........................................................24
PROVISIONAL SYLLABUS............................................................................................................................... 26
2
, Council of Europe
1. General Overview
Founded: 5 May 1949 (Treaty of London) by 10 states
Today: 47 member states, representing 820 million Europeans
Headquarters: Strasbourg, France
Core values: Human rights, democracy, rule of law
Type: Intergovernmental political organisation
2. Main Institutions
a. Committee of Ministers
Foreign ministers or ambassadors of member states
Adopts conventions and recommendations
Approves the budget
Supervises judgments of the European Court of Human Rights
b. Parliamentary Assembly
Represents national parliaments (324 members)
Elects judges, Commissioner for Human Rights, Secretary General
Holds 4 plenary sessions/year
c. Congress of Local and Regional Authorities
648 local/regional representatives from 200,000+ municipalities
Observes elections, monitors local democracy
Meets 2 times/year
d. European Court of Human Rights
47 judges (one per member state)
Enforces the European Convention on Human Rights
Open to individuals and states
18,500 judgments by 2016
e. Commissioner for Human Rights
Promotes and monitors human rights
Publishes reports after country visits
Elected for a 6-year non-renewable term
f. Conference of INGOs
3
