BIO 3030: Exam #3 Study Guide (Chapters 10-13)
Chapter 10
1. Animalia: The kingdom Animalia is derived from the domain Eukarya. Kingdom Animalia is
composed of multicellular organisms (eukaryotic) that lack cell walls and they are
chemoheterotrophs (An organism that uses organic molecules as a source of carbon and energy.)
2. Antiserum: A blood solution of antibodies that is tested against an unknown bacterium.
3. Archea: The domain of Archea consists of single-celled (prokaryotic) organisms that do not
contain a nucleus, they do not contain peptidoglycan cell walls. The domain of Archea consists
of Methanogens, Extreme halophiles, and Hyperthermophiles.
4. Bacteria: The domain of Bacteria consists of single-celled (prokaryotic) organisms that do not
have a nucleus and they contain peptidoglycan cell walls. Also, bacteria have antibiotic
sensitivity and the rRNA loop is present.
5. Binomial Nomenclature: A worldwide system used to consistently and accurately name
organisms. Binomial Nomenclature uses both a genus (first name in the scientific name) and a
specific epithet (second name/species name) to name each organism.
6. Clone: A population of cells arising from a single parent cell.
7. ELISA Method: (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Array) is a group of serological tests that
use enzyme reactions as indicators to detect antigens. The ELISA process that identifies known
antibodies and an unknown type of bacterium are added to a well; a reaction identifies the
bacteria.
8. Eukarya: A domain that includes all multicellular (eukaryotic) organisms aka animals, plants,
fungi, and protists. The domain of Eukarya has a distinct nucleus and Eukaryotes originated from
infoldings of prokaryotic plasma membranes.
9. Fungi: A kingdom that is derived from the Eukarya domain. The kingdom of Fungi is
absorptive chemoheterotrophs (An organism that uses organic molecules as a source of carbon
and energy.) Fungi can be both unicellular or multicellular, and they contain cell walls made of
chitin. Fungi develop from spores or hyphal fragments.
10. ☆Genus: The first name in the scientific name (binomial); the taxon between family and
species.
, 11. Phylogeny: The study of the history of a group of organisms; phylogenetic relationships are
evolutionary relationships.
12. Plantae: A kingdom that describes multicellular (eukaryotic) organisms that is derived from
the domain Eukarya. The Plantae Kingdom contains multicellular organisms (eukaryotes), that
have cellulose cell walls, and these plants undergo photosynthesis.
13. Protista: A kingdom that describes multicellular (eukaryotic) organisms that are derived from
the domain Eukarya. The kingdom of Protista is a catchall kingdom for a variety of organisms;
Protisa can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic and they are grouped into clades (A group of
organisms that share a particular common ancestor) based on rRNA.
14. Serological Testing: Techniques used for identifying a microorganism based on its reaction
with antibodies. Serological testing can differentiate between species and strains within species.
15. Serology: The branch of immunology that deals with the scientific study of blood serum and
antigen-antibody reactions (immune responses) in vitro.
16. Strain: Genetically different cells within a clone.
17. Taxonomy: The science of classifying organisms. Taxonomy shows a degree of similarity
among organisms.
18. Viral Species: A population of viruses that have the same/similar genetic characteristics that
occupy a particular ecological niche
19. Western Blotting: A technique that uses antibodies to detect the presence of specific proteins
separated by electrophoresis. Western Blotting identifies antibodies in a patient's serum; confirms
HIV infection, and Lyme disease.
1. What are the characteristics of Bacteria?
- Bacteria are Prokaryotic organisms (single-celled) with a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan.
Bacteria have lipid membranes that are composed of straight carbon chains linked to glycerol by
an ester linkage, they are sensitive to antibiotics, and the first amino acid that is present in
protein synthesis is Formylmethionine. Bacteria contain an rRNA loop (binds to ribosomal
protein; found in all bacteria) and a common arm of tRNA is also present (A sequence of bases
in tRNA that are found in all eukaryotes and bacteria; the bases are
guanine-thymine-pseudouridine-cytosine-guanine.
Chapter 10
1. Animalia: The kingdom Animalia is derived from the domain Eukarya. Kingdom Animalia is
composed of multicellular organisms (eukaryotic) that lack cell walls and they are
chemoheterotrophs (An organism that uses organic molecules as a source of carbon and energy.)
2. Antiserum: A blood solution of antibodies that is tested against an unknown bacterium.
3. Archea: The domain of Archea consists of single-celled (prokaryotic) organisms that do not
contain a nucleus, they do not contain peptidoglycan cell walls. The domain of Archea consists
of Methanogens, Extreme halophiles, and Hyperthermophiles.
4. Bacteria: The domain of Bacteria consists of single-celled (prokaryotic) organisms that do not
have a nucleus and they contain peptidoglycan cell walls. Also, bacteria have antibiotic
sensitivity and the rRNA loop is present.
5. Binomial Nomenclature: A worldwide system used to consistently and accurately name
organisms. Binomial Nomenclature uses both a genus (first name in the scientific name) and a
specific epithet (second name/species name) to name each organism.
6. Clone: A population of cells arising from a single parent cell.
7. ELISA Method: (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Array) is a group of serological tests that
use enzyme reactions as indicators to detect antigens. The ELISA process that identifies known
antibodies and an unknown type of bacterium are added to a well; a reaction identifies the
bacteria.
8. Eukarya: A domain that includes all multicellular (eukaryotic) organisms aka animals, plants,
fungi, and protists. The domain of Eukarya has a distinct nucleus and Eukaryotes originated from
infoldings of prokaryotic plasma membranes.
9. Fungi: A kingdom that is derived from the Eukarya domain. The kingdom of Fungi is
absorptive chemoheterotrophs (An organism that uses organic molecules as a source of carbon
and energy.) Fungi can be both unicellular or multicellular, and they contain cell walls made of
chitin. Fungi develop from spores or hyphal fragments.
10. ☆Genus: The first name in the scientific name (binomial); the taxon between family and
species.
, 11. Phylogeny: The study of the history of a group of organisms; phylogenetic relationships are
evolutionary relationships.
12. Plantae: A kingdom that describes multicellular (eukaryotic) organisms that is derived from
the domain Eukarya. The Plantae Kingdom contains multicellular organisms (eukaryotes), that
have cellulose cell walls, and these plants undergo photosynthesis.
13. Protista: A kingdom that describes multicellular (eukaryotic) organisms that are derived from
the domain Eukarya. The kingdom of Protista is a catchall kingdom for a variety of organisms;
Protisa can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic and they are grouped into clades (A group of
organisms that share a particular common ancestor) based on rRNA.
14. Serological Testing: Techniques used for identifying a microorganism based on its reaction
with antibodies. Serological testing can differentiate between species and strains within species.
15. Serology: The branch of immunology that deals with the scientific study of blood serum and
antigen-antibody reactions (immune responses) in vitro.
16. Strain: Genetically different cells within a clone.
17. Taxonomy: The science of classifying organisms. Taxonomy shows a degree of similarity
among organisms.
18. Viral Species: A population of viruses that have the same/similar genetic characteristics that
occupy a particular ecological niche
19. Western Blotting: A technique that uses antibodies to detect the presence of specific proteins
separated by electrophoresis. Western Blotting identifies antibodies in a patient's serum; confirms
HIV infection, and Lyme disease.
1. What are the characteristics of Bacteria?
- Bacteria are Prokaryotic organisms (single-celled) with a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan.
Bacteria have lipid membranes that are composed of straight carbon chains linked to glycerol by
an ester linkage, they are sensitive to antibiotics, and the first amino acid that is present in
protein synthesis is Formylmethionine. Bacteria contain an rRNA loop (binds to ribosomal
protein; found in all bacteria) and a common arm of tRNA is also present (A sequence of bases
in tRNA that are found in all eukaryotes and bacteria; the bases are
guanine-thymine-pseudouridine-cytosine-guanine.
