BIOD331 Module 4 Cardiovascular &
hematopoietic disorders
Comprehensive Final Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
A 58-year-old male presents with acute chest pain and
diaphoresis. His laboratory results reveal that troponin I levels are
significantly elevated. Which of the following best explains the
significance of this finding?
A) It indicates increased left ventricular preload.
B) It confirms the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
C) It suggests a side effect of beta-blocker therapy.
D) It is diagnostic for heart failure.
Correct ANS:
©2025
,B) It confirms the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
Rationale:
Troponin I is a highly specific and sensitive biomarker of
myocardial injury. Elevated troponin I levels indicate
cardiomyocyte damage, which confirms the diagnosis of
myocardial infarction rather than reflecting hemodynamic or
pharmacologic changes.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The process of programmed cell death that occurs in myocardial
cells after irreversible ischemic injury is known as ______.
Correct ANS:
apoptosis
Rationale:
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by
cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and membrane blebbing.
Although necrosis is often associated with severe ischemic injury,
©2025
,apoptosis contributes to the remodeling process that follows
myocardial infarction.
---
Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: Early stages of ventricular remodeling following
myocardial infarction are potentially reversible with appropriate
medical management.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
Ventricular remodeling is a compensatory response following
myocardial infarction. In its early stages, interventions such as
ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and lifestyle modifications can
reverse or mitigate adverse remodeling, improving long-term
cardiac function.
---
©2025
, Question 4 (Multiple Response)
Question:
Select all factors that directly influence stroke volume in the
context of heart failure:
A) Preload
B) Afterload
C) Myocardial contractility
D) Heart rate
E) Diastolic blood pressure
Correct ANS:
A) Preload, B) Afterload, C) Myocardial contractility
Rationale:
Stroke volume is principally determined by preload (the
ventricular end-diastolic volume), afterload (the resistance the
heart must eject blood against), and myocardial contractility.
While heart rate determines overall cardiac output and diastolic
blood pressure relates to vascular tone, they are not direct
determinants of stroke volume per se.
---
©2025
hematopoietic disorders
Comprehensive Final Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
A 58-year-old male presents with acute chest pain and
diaphoresis. His laboratory results reveal that troponin I levels are
significantly elevated. Which of the following best explains the
significance of this finding?
A) It indicates increased left ventricular preload.
B) It confirms the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
C) It suggests a side effect of beta-blocker therapy.
D) It is diagnostic for heart failure.
Correct ANS:
©2025
,B) It confirms the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
Rationale:
Troponin I is a highly specific and sensitive biomarker of
myocardial injury. Elevated troponin I levels indicate
cardiomyocyte damage, which confirms the diagnosis of
myocardial infarction rather than reflecting hemodynamic or
pharmacologic changes.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The process of programmed cell death that occurs in myocardial
cells after irreversible ischemic injury is known as ______.
Correct ANS:
apoptosis
Rationale:
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by
cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and membrane blebbing.
Although necrosis is often associated with severe ischemic injury,
©2025
,apoptosis contributes to the remodeling process that follows
myocardial infarction.
---
Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: Early stages of ventricular remodeling following
myocardial infarction are potentially reversible with appropriate
medical management.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
Ventricular remodeling is a compensatory response following
myocardial infarction. In its early stages, interventions such as
ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and lifestyle modifications can
reverse or mitigate adverse remodeling, improving long-term
cardiac function.
---
©2025
, Question 4 (Multiple Response)
Question:
Select all factors that directly influence stroke volume in the
context of heart failure:
A) Preload
B) Afterload
C) Myocardial contractility
D) Heart rate
E) Diastolic blood pressure
Correct ANS:
A) Preload, B) Afterload, C) Myocardial contractility
Rationale:
Stroke volume is principally determined by preload (the
ventricular end-diastolic volume), afterload (the resistance the
heart must eject blood against), and myocardial contractility.
While heart rate determines overall cardiac output and diastolic
blood pressure relates to vascular tone, they are not direct
determinants of stroke volume per se.
---
©2025
