SOCIOLOGY 269 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
Race Relation Cycle - ANSWER-Functionalist
-does best when explaining white European experience
-Contact--->Competition--->
Accommodation --->Assimilation
Noel Hypothesis - ANSWER-If two or more groups come together in a contact situation characterized by
ethno- centrism, competition, and a differential in power, then some form of racial or ethnic
stratification will result
*Ethnocentrism*: One society considered to be superior over all
*Competition*: Struggle over scarce resources (land, jobs, education, political positions, etc.)
*Differential Power*: More organized groups with more resources at their disposal will be able to better
impose their will on society, especially subordinate groups
*Worst situation: when all 3 of these are high for incoming groups = ethnic stratificaiton
Blauner Hypothesis - ANSWER-(Conflict Theory)
Minority groups are created by colonization because it is forced on them
-Forced/involuntary arrival into a territory and its population
-Alteration or destruction of the indigenous culture and patterns of social organization
-The domination of the indigenous population by representatives of the invading society
-Dominant group justifies such activities with highly prejudice, racist beliefs and stereotypes
Minority Group Threat Model - ANSWER--Sense of superiority
-Feel that subordinate group is intrinsically different
-Feeling of suspicion that subordinate group harbors and designs on prerogatives (rights) of the
dominant race
minority group increases → competition → Threat Discourse → reaction
Why do we tend to view race relations as being a black versus white issue? - ANSWER-Throughout
history we have portrayed blacks as inferior to whites. Racist stereotypes, theories, and ideologies
-larger minority group
Those against Reparations will argue... - ANSWER-(Compensation)
-victims of direct harm are dead
-perpetrators are diffuse
-Some of the actual harms were legal at the time they were committed
-The causal chain of harm is long and complex
Cultural Encapsulation - ANSWER-A lack of contact with cultures outside of our own that promotes
insensitivity to cultural differences (ex. Halloween costumes)
Paternalism - ANSWER-Members of the minority group are viewed as being docile, childlike, in need of
supervision
Behavior by an organization or state which limits some person or group's liberty or autonomy for what is
presumed to be that person's or group's own good.
Chattel - ANSWER-Slaves were a personal possession, mere property - were a colonized minority group
(ex. branding slaves, public auctions, etc.)
5 central components of slavery - ANSWER-1. Slavery was for life
2. The status was inherited
3. Slaves were considered mere property (Chattel)
4. Slaves were denied rights (slave codes)
, 5. Coercion was used to maintain them
Slave codes - ANSWER-Controlled and determined all facets of life for the enslaved Africans
-ex. not allowed to read (including the Bible)
-ex. A slave couldn't marry or even meet w/ a free black
Why were African American selected to be slaves? Why not Native Americans? - ANSWER--Physical and
cultural traits very distinguishable
-Their lack of Christianity
-Forced to live in a foreign/unfamiliar land
-Indians were familiar with the terrain and could more easily escape their own people
-Africans unorganized, Indians remained politically/culturally organized - numerically large
-Ideological belief that black Africans were a different form of humanity
Characteristics of slavery in Brazil - ANSWER--More intermixing with native and slave populations*
-Slaves were recognized as HUMANS with certain legal rights
-Viewed slaves as unfortunate human beings, victim of economic necessity
-Slavery system lasted longer
-Didn't view them as a different race altogether
Major outcome of Dred Scott decision - ANSWER-1.Supreme court ruled that African Americans had no
rights which whites were bound to respect
2. They could NEVER become citizens of the U.S.
-Constitution did not protect them
-Discrimination
Major outcome of Emancipation Proclamation - ANSWER-It proclaimed slaves to be free and authorized
the armed forces of U.S. to enlist the freed slaves into the U.S. army
(Civil war)
13th Amendment major outcome - ANSWER-Slavery officially abolished
Civil Rights Act of 1866 outcomes - ANSWER-1. Declared Blacks to be citizens of the United States
2. Gave them equal civil rights
3. Gave federal courts jurisdiction over cases arising under the act
14th Amendment major outcomes - ANSWER-Declared that STATES could not deprive any person of Life,
Liberty, or Property without "due process of the law"
What was the backlash against African Americans after the passing of the Emancipation Proclamation,
Civil Rights Act, 13th and 14th Amendment? - ANSWER-Ku Klux Klan
Jim Crow Laws
Voting restrictions
Plessy v. Ferguson
Ku Klux Klan modus operandi (method of operation) - ANSWER-the KKK's modus operandi is to insight
hatred of ethnic and cultural minorities through fear, intimidation, and violence
Jim Crow Laws - ANSWER-Separate but not Equal
-segregated sections in public (bathrooms, water fountains)
4 types of voting restrictions for African Americans - ANSWER-1. Pass a literary test
2. Be a property holder
3. Pay poll tax
4. Grandfather clause: if your ancestors had been eligible to vote in 1860
Plessy v. Ferguson key outcome - ANSWER-Separate but equal
De jure segregation v. De Facto segregation - ANSWER-De jure segregation is the system of rigid
competitive race relations that was characterized by LAWS mandating racial separation and inequality
(segregation by law)
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
Race Relation Cycle - ANSWER-Functionalist
-does best when explaining white European experience
-Contact--->Competition--->
Accommodation --->Assimilation
Noel Hypothesis - ANSWER-If two or more groups come together in a contact situation characterized by
ethno- centrism, competition, and a differential in power, then some form of racial or ethnic
stratification will result
*Ethnocentrism*: One society considered to be superior over all
*Competition*: Struggle over scarce resources (land, jobs, education, political positions, etc.)
*Differential Power*: More organized groups with more resources at their disposal will be able to better
impose their will on society, especially subordinate groups
*Worst situation: when all 3 of these are high for incoming groups = ethnic stratificaiton
Blauner Hypothesis - ANSWER-(Conflict Theory)
Minority groups are created by colonization because it is forced on them
-Forced/involuntary arrival into a territory and its population
-Alteration or destruction of the indigenous culture and patterns of social organization
-The domination of the indigenous population by representatives of the invading society
-Dominant group justifies such activities with highly prejudice, racist beliefs and stereotypes
Minority Group Threat Model - ANSWER--Sense of superiority
-Feel that subordinate group is intrinsically different
-Feeling of suspicion that subordinate group harbors and designs on prerogatives (rights) of the
dominant race
minority group increases → competition → Threat Discourse → reaction
Why do we tend to view race relations as being a black versus white issue? - ANSWER-Throughout
history we have portrayed blacks as inferior to whites. Racist stereotypes, theories, and ideologies
-larger minority group
Those against Reparations will argue... - ANSWER-(Compensation)
-victims of direct harm are dead
-perpetrators are diffuse
-Some of the actual harms were legal at the time they were committed
-The causal chain of harm is long and complex
Cultural Encapsulation - ANSWER-A lack of contact with cultures outside of our own that promotes
insensitivity to cultural differences (ex. Halloween costumes)
Paternalism - ANSWER-Members of the minority group are viewed as being docile, childlike, in need of
supervision
Behavior by an organization or state which limits some person or group's liberty or autonomy for what is
presumed to be that person's or group's own good.
Chattel - ANSWER-Slaves were a personal possession, mere property - were a colonized minority group
(ex. branding slaves, public auctions, etc.)
5 central components of slavery - ANSWER-1. Slavery was for life
2. The status was inherited
3. Slaves were considered mere property (Chattel)
4. Slaves were denied rights (slave codes)
, 5. Coercion was used to maintain them
Slave codes - ANSWER-Controlled and determined all facets of life for the enslaved Africans
-ex. not allowed to read (including the Bible)
-ex. A slave couldn't marry or even meet w/ a free black
Why were African American selected to be slaves? Why not Native Americans? - ANSWER--Physical and
cultural traits very distinguishable
-Their lack of Christianity
-Forced to live in a foreign/unfamiliar land
-Indians were familiar with the terrain and could more easily escape their own people
-Africans unorganized, Indians remained politically/culturally organized - numerically large
-Ideological belief that black Africans were a different form of humanity
Characteristics of slavery in Brazil - ANSWER--More intermixing with native and slave populations*
-Slaves were recognized as HUMANS with certain legal rights
-Viewed slaves as unfortunate human beings, victim of economic necessity
-Slavery system lasted longer
-Didn't view them as a different race altogether
Major outcome of Dred Scott decision - ANSWER-1.Supreme court ruled that African Americans had no
rights which whites were bound to respect
2. They could NEVER become citizens of the U.S.
-Constitution did not protect them
-Discrimination
Major outcome of Emancipation Proclamation - ANSWER-It proclaimed slaves to be free and authorized
the armed forces of U.S. to enlist the freed slaves into the U.S. army
(Civil war)
13th Amendment major outcome - ANSWER-Slavery officially abolished
Civil Rights Act of 1866 outcomes - ANSWER-1. Declared Blacks to be citizens of the United States
2. Gave them equal civil rights
3. Gave federal courts jurisdiction over cases arising under the act
14th Amendment major outcomes - ANSWER-Declared that STATES could not deprive any person of Life,
Liberty, or Property without "due process of the law"
What was the backlash against African Americans after the passing of the Emancipation Proclamation,
Civil Rights Act, 13th and 14th Amendment? - ANSWER-Ku Klux Klan
Jim Crow Laws
Voting restrictions
Plessy v. Ferguson
Ku Klux Klan modus operandi (method of operation) - ANSWER-the KKK's modus operandi is to insight
hatred of ethnic and cultural minorities through fear, intimidation, and violence
Jim Crow Laws - ANSWER-Separate but not Equal
-segregated sections in public (bathrooms, water fountains)
4 types of voting restrictions for African Americans - ANSWER-1. Pass a literary test
2. Be a property holder
3. Pay poll tax
4. Grandfather clause: if your ancestors had been eligible to vote in 1860
Plessy v. Ferguson key outcome - ANSWER-Separate but equal
De jure segregation v. De Facto segregation - ANSWER-De jure segregation is the system of rigid
competitive race relations that was characterized by LAWS mandating racial separation and inequality
(segregation by law)
