EEC Quizzes = final
Guidelines have been provided for the appropriate use of IQ tests. Discuss at least three of these guidelines in
your own words. correct answer One guideline is that the examiner uses the information gathered only in the
correct manner for which they were designed. This is to protect the student. Another guideline is that the
testing instruments should only be used in the manner that they were intended to within addressing the
reason for the referral. This includes other material being used in order to get a full idea of the student's
abilities. A third guideline is to look at both strengths and weaknesses of their abilities when examining the
test scores and looking at what to do post testing. Explain what is meant by the term "adaptive behavior" and
provide specific examples. correct answerThe term adaptive behavior looks into how a student functions
within the environment that they are in. If students are adapting in an abnormal way that is a red flag for a
potential disability. An example could be a student continually getting up in class and not focusing on their
work. This example connects to the classroom within the following rules. Another example of adaptive
behavior would be the daily living skills of a student within their home or within the community. Looking at
how they are able to complete their daily tasks. If something is off it shows that the student is not adapting to
their environment and something needs to change in order for the student to do well in that environment.
Adaptive behavior is important because it needs to be considered and observed before the student is
considered for special education. It needs to be observed to see if anything can be changed in the
environment that would fix the problem before they are tested in special education. Discuss the possible
ways in which IQ testing may be biased correct answerThe overall idea of the IQ testing being biased
connects with the idea that they are labeling students with exceptional learning needs. From these tests come
biases through a language or culture barrier. If the student struggles with the exam because of those reasons,
it will show that they need special education. Leading into a bias and overrepresentation of non native English
speakers going into special education. For example, the book stated that Hispanic students have been
increasing in eligibility for learning disabilities. Intelligence tests can also be biased through an ethnic, cultural
or linguistic bias. Discuss three considerations that should be addressed when determining which adaptive
behavior scale to use with a student. correct answer One consideration of an adaptive behavior scale would
be to look at the skills within the scale. If it was focused on one skill or had a wide range of skills Another
consideration would be the age of the participants. If it was focused on all school aged children or had a wide
range from kindergarten to someone in their 50's. Lastly, the size of the sample. Looking at if there were only
50 people sampled or 500 could have an effect on the scale and determining if it is appropriate to use with a
student. Several issues regarding IQ testing have been debated in the literature. Discuss at least three of these
issues correct answer One issue is the overrepresentation of minorities in special education that can come
from the results of an IQ test. Another issue is influence of a different culture and the form of a bias when the
examiner is a different ethnicity than the examinee. With the cultural differences of groups, it leads to an
effect on standardized testing. Such as exminner familairy or examiner inconsistency. A third issue is the idea
that IQ tests can produce different results for people of different intelligence groups. Since many people have
differing intelligence when it comes to the way they understand information. It is important to understand
that IQ tests are just a small part of the information needed to determine a student's eligibility into special
education. They are not full proof in completely being able to determine if a student needs special education.
Identify the four primary index clusters (or index scales) measured by the WISC-V. What subtests are included
in each measure? correct answer Verbal comprehension index Subsets Similarities - student compares two
words to see how they are alike Vocabulary - students will define common words Information - recall prior
knowledge of information that they have Comprehension - looking at the student's knowledge of common
concepts Visual Spatial index Subsets: Block design - the student will manipulate and copy a pattern of red
and white blocks using their visual motor response and their visual-perceptual ability Visual puzzles - the
student will look at images and choices to see which best fits in to complete the image Working memory
index Subsets: Digit span - the student must repeat back the series of numbers said by the examiner Picture
span - the student will examine pictures and then point to different parts of the pictures following that
, Letter-number sequencing - the student will listen to a series of letters and numbers and will need to recall
the numbers and letters in their ascending order/alphabetical order Processing speed index Subsets: Coding -
the student will copy visual symbols that connect to the visually presented numbers Symbol search - the
student will be given a symbol and must scan the row to see if their given symbol appears Cancellation - the
student will be given a page of pictures and has to mark all the pictures of animals that are there. Litigation
has played an important part into how we use intelligence testing to identify students with special education
needs. Choose one court case and discuss its significance in changing how we use IQ tests. correct answer
Diana vs State Board of Education This court case focused on the testing of a student in their native language
and to omit unfair items of verbal nature. The tests would also be created to reflect the culture of Mexican
American students and would be standardized to them. This affects the changing of IQ tests because from
now on, the tests had to be culturally responsive and fair to all students depending on their native language.
They will be given a test that was standardized to their own personal culture and not a westernized version of
a test that they could not connect too. Discuss the concept of cross-battery assessment and why evaluators
would participate in this type of assessment correct answer A cross-battery assessment is administering
subtests from two or more tests to determine if a weakness exists in a particular skill or ability. This would be
important for evaluators to use because the multiple means will display the variety of abilities that a student
can have and that will be measured within the test. Why would an evaluator choose to administer a test of
nonverbal intelligence? correct answer An evaluator may want to administer a test of nonverbal language to
gain insight from groups of people where it would be difficult to get a fair estimate of skill sets using a lot of
verbal content. The student may be a non English speaker and would not be fluent enough in the language to
take a verbal intelligence test. A nonverbal test would also be used for students with disorders that have an
affect on their verbal communication. A third group of people who would benefit from a nonverbal
intelligence test would be people who have hearing impairments. If the verbal intelligence test will not offer
any data, it would be more beneficial for the evaluator to get data and information from a nonverbal
intelligence test. Explain why all intelligence tests do not claim to assess the same constructs. correct answer
From Howard Gardner's research and the knowledge of the seven intelligence, the intelligence tests do not
claim to assess the same constructs because everyone has different intelligence that will be tested. Everyone
has such different cognitive structures and contrasting cognitive styles. Included in this seven types of
intelligence are bodily-anaesthetic, interpersonal, linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, and
interpersonal. Each intelligence test is looking for something different and each test is not focused on all of
the same constructs as the other tests. Additionally, because everyone has such different intelligence and
strengths, they will complete the test in different ways with their ability to understand and problem solve.
Calculate the IQ score given the following information: Mental Age = 4 Chronological Age = 10 correct
answer IQ= MA/CA X 100 4/10 X 100 IQ = 40 Explain why intelligence continues to be assessed if the very
notion of intelligence is a controversial one. correct answer Although intelligence tests have been
controversial to inappropriate use in the past, it will still be used because it is an important and influential
aspect within the assessment of students. There is a strong correlation between performance on the IQ tests
and the school achievement done by the child. However, moving forward intelligence tests should be used
just as a helpful piece of information rather than a definite label or placement of a child. Discuss the most
important aspects of CBA and CBM? Highlight any differences between the two. correct answer An important
aspect of curriculum based measurement or CBM is that it is measured regularly and in a variety of different
subjects. It is focused on monitoring instruction frequently and connected to the student's achievement goals.
CBA or curriculum based assessment is more focused on new material and given at the end of a unit as a
summative and for an understanding of how the student understood the material that was taught recently.
CBM's are more standardized and fairly measured with taking account of a student's diverse ethic or linguistic
background. While CBA is not considered always completely fair for those students with its assessment. The
two also differ with the results of each test. CBM's are used diagnostically for a student within a specific skill
set (reading, spelling, letter sequences) and the results are usually compared to that student and their
individual progress. However sometimes their results will be compared to the norms of other groups of
students. Whereas, CBA is focused on the skills taught within that time period in a specific subject and the
Guidelines have been provided for the appropriate use of IQ tests. Discuss at least three of these guidelines in
your own words. correct answer One guideline is that the examiner uses the information gathered only in the
correct manner for which they were designed. This is to protect the student. Another guideline is that the
testing instruments should only be used in the manner that they were intended to within addressing the
reason for the referral. This includes other material being used in order to get a full idea of the student's
abilities. A third guideline is to look at both strengths and weaknesses of their abilities when examining the
test scores and looking at what to do post testing. Explain what is meant by the term "adaptive behavior" and
provide specific examples. correct answerThe term adaptive behavior looks into how a student functions
within the environment that they are in. If students are adapting in an abnormal way that is a red flag for a
potential disability. An example could be a student continually getting up in class and not focusing on their
work. This example connects to the classroom within the following rules. Another example of adaptive
behavior would be the daily living skills of a student within their home or within the community. Looking at
how they are able to complete their daily tasks. If something is off it shows that the student is not adapting to
their environment and something needs to change in order for the student to do well in that environment.
Adaptive behavior is important because it needs to be considered and observed before the student is
considered for special education. It needs to be observed to see if anything can be changed in the
environment that would fix the problem before they are tested in special education. Discuss the possible
ways in which IQ testing may be biased correct answerThe overall idea of the IQ testing being biased
connects with the idea that they are labeling students with exceptional learning needs. From these tests come
biases through a language or culture barrier. If the student struggles with the exam because of those reasons,
it will show that they need special education. Leading into a bias and overrepresentation of non native English
speakers going into special education. For example, the book stated that Hispanic students have been
increasing in eligibility for learning disabilities. Intelligence tests can also be biased through an ethnic, cultural
or linguistic bias. Discuss three considerations that should be addressed when determining which adaptive
behavior scale to use with a student. correct answer One consideration of an adaptive behavior scale would
be to look at the skills within the scale. If it was focused on one skill or had a wide range of skills Another
consideration would be the age of the participants. If it was focused on all school aged children or had a wide
range from kindergarten to someone in their 50's. Lastly, the size of the sample. Looking at if there were only
50 people sampled or 500 could have an effect on the scale and determining if it is appropriate to use with a
student. Several issues regarding IQ testing have been debated in the literature. Discuss at least three of these
issues correct answer One issue is the overrepresentation of minorities in special education that can come
from the results of an IQ test. Another issue is influence of a different culture and the form of a bias when the
examiner is a different ethnicity than the examinee. With the cultural differences of groups, it leads to an
effect on standardized testing. Such as exminner familairy or examiner inconsistency. A third issue is the idea
that IQ tests can produce different results for people of different intelligence groups. Since many people have
differing intelligence when it comes to the way they understand information. It is important to understand
that IQ tests are just a small part of the information needed to determine a student's eligibility into special
education. They are not full proof in completely being able to determine if a student needs special education.
Identify the four primary index clusters (or index scales) measured by the WISC-V. What subtests are included
in each measure? correct answer Verbal comprehension index Subsets Similarities - student compares two
words to see how they are alike Vocabulary - students will define common words Information - recall prior
knowledge of information that they have Comprehension - looking at the student's knowledge of common
concepts Visual Spatial index Subsets: Block design - the student will manipulate and copy a pattern of red
and white blocks using their visual motor response and their visual-perceptual ability Visual puzzles - the
student will look at images and choices to see which best fits in to complete the image Working memory
index Subsets: Digit span - the student must repeat back the series of numbers said by the examiner Picture
span - the student will examine pictures and then point to different parts of the pictures following that
, Letter-number sequencing - the student will listen to a series of letters and numbers and will need to recall
the numbers and letters in their ascending order/alphabetical order Processing speed index Subsets: Coding -
the student will copy visual symbols that connect to the visually presented numbers Symbol search - the
student will be given a symbol and must scan the row to see if their given symbol appears Cancellation - the
student will be given a page of pictures and has to mark all the pictures of animals that are there. Litigation
has played an important part into how we use intelligence testing to identify students with special education
needs. Choose one court case and discuss its significance in changing how we use IQ tests. correct answer
Diana vs State Board of Education This court case focused on the testing of a student in their native language
and to omit unfair items of verbal nature. The tests would also be created to reflect the culture of Mexican
American students and would be standardized to them. This affects the changing of IQ tests because from
now on, the tests had to be culturally responsive and fair to all students depending on their native language.
They will be given a test that was standardized to their own personal culture and not a westernized version of
a test that they could not connect too. Discuss the concept of cross-battery assessment and why evaluators
would participate in this type of assessment correct answer A cross-battery assessment is administering
subtests from two or more tests to determine if a weakness exists in a particular skill or ability. This would be
important for evaluators to use because the multiple means will display the variety of abilities that a student
can have and that will be measured within the test. Why would an evaluator choose to administer a test of
nonverbal intelligence? correct answer An evaluator may want to administer a test of nonverbal language to
gain insight from groups of people where it would be difficult to get a fair estimate of skill sets using a lot of
verbal content. The student may be a non English speaker and would not be fluent enough in the language to
take a verbal intelligence test. A nonverbal test would also be used for students with disorders that have an
affect on their verbal communication. A third group of people who would benefit from a nonverbal
intelligence test would be people who have hearing impairments. If the verbal intelligence test will not offer
any data, it would be more beneficial for the evaluator to get data and information from a nonverbal
intelligence test. Explain why all intelligence tests do not claim to assess the same constructs. correct answer
From Howard Gardner's research and the knowledge of the seven intelligence, the intelligence tests do not
claim to assess the same constructs because everyone has different intelligence that will be tested. Everyone
has such different cognitive structures and contrasting cognitive styles. Included in this seven types of
intelligence are bodily-anaesthetic, interpersonal, linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, and
interpersonal. Each intelligence test is looking for something different and each test is not focused on all of
the same constructs as the other tests. Additionally, because everyone has such different intelligence and
strengths, they will complete the test in different ways with their ability to understand and problem solve.
Calculate the IQ score given the following information: Mental Age = 4 Chronological Age = 10 correct
answer IQ= MA/CA X 100 4/10 X 100 IQ = 40 Explain why intelligence continues to be assessed if the very
notion of intelligence is a controversial one. correct answer Although intelligence tests have been
controversial to inappropriate use in the past, it will still be used because it is an important and influential
aspect within the assessment of students. There is a strong correlation between performance on the IQ tests
and the school achievement done by the child. However, moving forward intelligence tests should be used
just as a helpful piece of information rather than a definite label or placement of a child. Discuss the most
important aspects of CBA and CBM? Highlight any differences between the two. correct answer An important
aspect of curriculum based measurement or CBM is that it is measured regularly and in a variety of different
subjects. It is focused on monitoring instruction frequently and connected to the student's achievement goals.
CBA or curriculum based assessment is more focused on new material and given at the end of a unit as a
summative and for an understanding of how the student understood the material that was taught recently.
CBM's are more standardized and fairly measured with taking account of a student's diverse ethic or linguistic
background. While CBA is not considered always completely fair for those students with its assessment. The
two also differ with the results of each test. CBM's are used diagnostically for a student within a specific skill
set (reading, spelling, letter sequences) and the results are usually compared to that student and their
individual progress. However sometimes their results will be compared to the norms of other groups of
students. Whereas, CBA is focused on the skills taught within that time period in a specific subject and the
