APHY 102 - Anatomy and Physiology II
IVY TECH APHY 102 FINAL EXAM LATEST
SUMMER-FALL REAL EXAM INSIGHT WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A (100%
VERIFIED)
What can be found in (normal) feces?
electrolytes.
undigested food.
bacteria.
Differentiate between primary and permanent teeth.
There are 20 primary (baby) teeth.
There are 32 secondary (permanent) teeth.
Differentiate between the functions of the different organs of the GI tract.
Organs:
-mouth (mechanical breakdown of food; begins chemical breakdown of
carbs)
-pharynx (connects mouth with esophagus)
,APHY 102 - Anatomy and Physiology II
-esophagus (peristalsis pushes food to stomach)
-stomach (secretes acid and enzymes; mixes food with secretions to
begin enzymatic digestion of proteins)
-small intestine (mixes food with bile and pancreatic juice; final enzymatic
breakdown of food molecules; main site of nutrient absorption)
-large intestine (absorbs water and electrolytes to form feces)
-rectum (regulates elimination of feces)
-anus
Accessory organs:
-liver (produces bile, which emulsifies fat)
-gallbladder (stores bile and introduces it into the small intestine)
-pancreas (produces and secretes pancreatic juice, containing digestive
enzymes and bicarbonate ions, into small intestine)
-salivary glands (secrete saliva, which contains enzymes that initiate
breakdown of carbs)
What are the functions of the digestive system?
digestion, absorption, elimination
Describe the different enzymes/chemicals used within digestion, where
they are used, and what they digest.
,APHY 102 - Anatomy and Physiology II
Pepsinogen:
Inactive form of pepsin; secreted by chief cells
Pepsin:
Active enzyme that beaks down proteins into polypeptides; forms
from pepsinogen in presence of hydrochloric acid
Describe steroid hormones.
Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones. Steroid hormones diffuse
through cell membranes and enter cytoplasm or nucleus. Then they
combine with a receptor molecule, which together bind to DNA and
promote transcription of messenger RNA. mRNA enters the cytoplasm
and directs protein synthesis. Newly synthesized proteins produce
hormone's specific effects.
Describe tropic hormones.
They stimulate the activity of endocrine glands than those secreting them.
Describe normal blood: number of each cell type, pH.
Describe normal blood: number of each cell type, pH.
CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT
, APHY 102 - Anatomy and Physiology II
Blood is about 8% of body weight. Adult blood volume is about 5 L. RBC
count is usually 4,600,000-6,200,000 in males, 4,200,000-5,400,000 in
females. WBC are usually 5,000-10,000 per cubic mm of blood. Platelets
are usually 130,000-360,000 per cubic mm of blood. Normal blood pH is
around 7.4.
How does the Rh factor affect a developing fetus and its mother?
Rh positive - presence of antigen D or other Rh antigens on the RBC
membranes.
Rh negative - lack of these antigens
If a mother is Rh negative and her baby is Rh positive, her antibodies form
to fight Rh-positive blood cells. If a mother is Rh positive and her baby is
Rh positive, her antibodies attack the baby's RBC. Complications can lead
the baby to develop erythroblastosis fetalis or hemolytic disease.
What antigens can be found on RBC? What antibodies can be found in the
plasma? How do these create different blood types?
Type A blood has A antigens on its cell surface and anti-B antibodies in its
plasma.
Type B blood has B antigens on its cell surface and anti-A antibodies in its
plasma.
Type AB blood has both A and B antigens on its cell surface and no
antibodies in its plasma. (It is the universal recipient).
Type O blood has no antigens on its cell surface, but has both anti-A and
anti-B antibodies in its plasma. (It is the universal donor).
IVY TECH APHY 102 FINAL EXAM LATEST
SUMMER-FALL REAL EXAM INSIGHT WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A (100%
VERIFIED)
What can be found in (normal) feces?
electrolytes.
undigested food.
bacteria.
Differentiate between primary and permanent teeth.
There are 20 primary (baby) teeth.
There are 32 secondary (permanent) teeth.
Differentiate between the functions of the different organs of the GI tract.
Organs:
-mouth (mechanical breakdown of food; begins chemical breakdown of
carbs)
-pharynx (connects mouth with esophagus)
,APHY 102 - Anatomy and Physiology II
-esophagus (peristalsis pushes food to stomach)
-stomach (secretes acid and enzymes; mixes food with secretions to
begin enzymatic digestion of proteins)
-small intestine (mixes food with bile and pancreatic juice; final enzymatic
breakdown of food molecules; main site of nutrient absorption)
-large intestine (absorbs water and electrolytes to form feces)
-rectum (regulates elimination of feces)
-anus
Accessory organs:
-liver (produces bile, which emulsifies fat)
-gallbladder (stores bile and introduces it into the small intestine)
-pancreas (produces and secretes pancreatic juice, containing digestive
enzymes and bicarbonate ions, into small intestine)
-salivary glands (secrete saliva, which contains enzymes that initiate
breakdown of carbs)
What are the functions of the digestive system?
digestion, absorption, elimination
Describe the different enzymes/chemicals used within digestion, where
they are used, and what they digest.
,APHY 102 - Anatomy and Physiology II
Pepsinogen:
Inactive form of pepsin; secreted by chief cells
Pepsin:
Active enzyme that beaks down proteins into polypeptides; forms
from pepsinogen in presence of hydrochloric acid
Describe steroid hormones.
Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones. Steroid hormones diffuse
through cell membranes and enter cytoplasm or nucleus. Then they
combine with a receptor molecule, which together bind to DNA and
promote transcription of messenger RNA. mRNA enters the cytoplasm
and directs protein synthesis. Newly synthesized proteins produce
hormone's specific effects.
Describe tropic hormones.
They stimulate the activity of endocrine glands than those secreting them.
Describe normal blood: number of each cell type, pH.
Describe normal blood: number of each cell type, pH.
CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT
, APHY 102 - Anatomy and Physiology II
Blood is about 8% of body weight. Adult blood volume is about 5 L. RBC
count is usually 4,600,000-6,200,000 in males, 4,200,000-5,400,000 in
females. WBC are usually 5,000-10,000 per cubic mm of blood. Platelets
are usually 130,000-360,000 per cubic mm of blood. Normal blood pH is
around 7.4.
How does the Rh factor affect a developing fetus and its mother?
Rh positive - presence of antigen D or other Rh antigens on the RBC
membranes.
Rh negative - lack of these antigens
If a mother is Rh negative and her baby is Rh positive, her antibodies form
to fight Rh-positive blood cells. If a mother is Rh positive and her baby is
Rh positive, her antibodies attack the baby's RBC. Complications can lead
the baby to develop erythroblastosis fetalis or hemolytic disease.
What antigens can be found on RBC? What antibodies can be found in the
plasma? How do these create different blood types?
Type A blood has A antigens on its cell surface and anti-B antibodies in its
plasma.
Type B blood has B antigens on its cell surface and anti-A antibodies in its
plasma.
Type AB blood has both A and B antigens on its cell surface and no
antibodies in its plasma. (It is the universal recipient).
Type O blood has no antigens on its cell surface, but has both anti-A and
anti-B antibodies in its plasma. (It is the universal donor).
