Comprehensive final exam for
cardiopulmonary anatomy and
physiology
What are the conductive airways divided into - ANS-upper and lower airways
What is the upper airway consist of? - ANS-nose, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx
What are the primary functions of the upper airway? - ANS-to act as a conductor
humidify, warm, and cool inspired air.
To prevent foreign materials
To serve as an important area involving speech and smell
The widening of the nostrils during periods of respiratory difficulties is known as - ANS-
nasal flaring
where is the oropharynx located? - ANS-between the soft palate and base of the tongue
What is another term for laryngopharynx? - ANS-hypopharynx
In a clinical setting, why does the respiratory tract bypass the entire upper airway? -
ANS-To better ventilate and oxygenate the patient.
Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the larynx is defined as? - ANS-laryngitis
Barking or brassy sound associated with a partial upper airway obstruction is used to
describe what? - ANS-croup
What are the 3 layers of the tracheal-bronchial tree composed of? - ANS-epithelial lining
lamina propia
cartilaginous layer
How many cm long is the adult trachea? - ANS-11-13 cm
What is the respiratory zone consist of? - ANS-respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
Which of the following are the accessory muscles for expiration? - ANS-Rectus
abdominius
, external abdominus obliques
Internal abdominus obliques
Transverse abdominus
Internal intercostal
The average total blood volume for a male adult is? - ANS-5-6 liters
Granulocytes include the following 3 WBC's? - ANS-Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Anemia - ANS-deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood
What is CBC? - ANS-frequently ordered blood test
What is the function of an erythrocyte? - ANS-Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is the wall of the heart composed of? - ANS-epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
What is the heart enclosed in a double wall sac called? - ANS-pericardium
What is the vascular network of the circulatory system composed of? - ANS-systemic
system
pulmonary system
What are specialized stretch receptors? - ANS-baroreceptors
Where are the baro-receptors located? - ANS-corotid arteries and aorta
What is the formula for mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) - ANS-MAP=SBP+(2xDBP)
3
What is Cor Pulmonale? - ANS-enlargement of the right ventricle
Which phase of the action potential represent the relative refractory period? - ANS-
second half of phase three
The unique ability of the cells in the SA node to generate an action potential without
being stimulated is? - ANS-Automaticity
The rapid depolarization (early phase) is also known as? - ANS-phase 0
The difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic neural fibers are? - ANS-
Sympathetic- innervate the atria and ventricles of the heart and increase hr.
cardiopulmonary anatomy and
physiology
What are the conductive airways divided into - ANS-upper and lower airways
What is the upper airway consist of? - ANS-nose, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx
What are the primary functions of the upper airway? - ANS-to act as a conductor
humidify, warm, and cool inspired air.
To prevent foreign materials
To serve as an important area involving speech and smell
The widening of the nostrils during periods of respiratory difficulties is known as - ANS-
nasal flaring
where is the oropharynx located? - ANS-between the soft palate and base of the tongue
What is another term for laryngopharynx? - ANS-hypopharynx
In a clinical setting, why does the respiratory tract bypass the entire upper airway? -
ANS-To better ventilate and oxygenate the patient.
Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the larynx is defined as? - ANS-laryngitis
Barking or brassy sound associated with a partial upper airway obstruction is used to
describe what? - ANS-croup
What are the 3 layers of the tracheal-bronchial tree composed of? - ANS-epithelial lining
lamina propia
cartilaginous layer
How many cm long is the adult trachea? - ANS-11-13 cm
What is the respiratory zone consist of? - ANS-respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
Which of the following are the accessory muscles for expiration? - ANS-Rectus
abdominius
, external abdominus obliques
Internal abdominus obliques
Transverse abdominus
Internal intercostal
The average total blood volume for a male adult is? - ANS-5-6 liters
Granulocytes include the following 3 WBC's? - ANS-Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Anemia - ANS-deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood
What is CBC? - ANS-frequently ordered blood test
What is the function of an erythrocyte? - ANS-Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is the wall of the heart composed of? - ANS-epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
What is the heart enclosed in a double wall sac called? - ANS-pericardium
What is the vascular network of the circulatory system composed of? - ANS-systemic
system
pulmonary system
What are specialized stretch receptors? - ANS-baroreceptors
Where are the baro-receptors located? - ANS-corotid arteries and aorta
What is the formula for mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) - ANS-MAP=SBP+(2xDBP)
3
What is Cor Pulmonale? - ANS-enlargement of the right ventricle
Which phase of the action potential represent the relative refractory period? - ANS-
second half of phase three
The unique ability of the cells in the SA node to generate an action potential without
being stimulated is? - ANS-Automaticity
The rapid depolarization (early phase) is also known as? - ANS-phase 0
The difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic neural fibers are? - ANS-
Sympathetic- innervate the atria and ventricles of the heart and increase hr.
