Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and
Physiology Final Exam Semesters 1
Apnea - ANS-Complete absence of spontaneous ventilation
Eupnea - ANS-Normal spontaneous breathing
Biots breathing - ANS-short episode of rapid uniformly deep inspirations followed by 10
to 30 seconds of apnea.
Hyperpnea - ANS-Increased depth of breathing with or without an increased frequency
cheyne- stokes breathing - ANS-10 to 30 seconds of apnea followed by a gradual
increase in the volume of frequency of breathing followed by a gradual decrease in the
volume of breathing until another period of apnea. common in CHF
Kussmauls Breathing - ANS-Both an increased depth and rate of breathing
Orthopnea - ANS-A condition in which an individual is able to breath most comfortably
online in the upright position
Dyspnea - ANS-Difficulty in breathing. The patient is aware
Lung Compliance - ANS-is the ability to expand
Hooks Law - ANS-when a truly elastic body like a spring is acted on by 1 unit of force.
the elastic body will stretch 1 unit of length. elastance = Pressure divided by Volume
Laplaces law (bubble and surface tension) - ANS-If the bubble gets bigger, meaning the
radius gets bigger then the tension is low. if the bubble radius gets smaller then the
tension is greater.
Boyles law - ANS-Driving pressure. Pressure moves from High to low.
What are Type 1 cells - ANS-they are about 95% of the alveolar surface. they are a
major site of gas exchange. They are unable to reproduce
Type 11 cells - ANS-when type 1 cells die off they are replaced with type 11 cells that
convert to type 1 cells. they are able to reproduce
, Pros of Kohn - ANS-are located in the inter alveolar septa. they are small holes that
permit gas to move between adjacent alveoli
alveoli macrophages - ANS-they are type 3 cells that remove bacteria
interstitium - ANS-think of this as the packing in a box. except it is the packing in the
alveoli
Lymph nodes - ANS-produce lymphocytes and monocytes. think of them as the pool
filter
Pleural effusion - ANS-if fluid accumulation in the pleurals
empyema - ANS-is an infection in the pleruals
pneumothorax - ANS-air that is in the chest cavity
angle of the Left main bronchus - ANS-40 to 60 degres
Horizontal Fissure - ANS-separates the middle and upper lobes of the right lung
Pressure gradients - ANS-Pressure difference. moves from high to low
The normal transit time for blood through the alveolar capillary system is - ANS-0.75
seconds
under normal resting conditions, the diffusion of O2 and CO is usually completed in
about - ANS-0.25 seconds
grahams law - ANS-states that the rate of gas diffuse is inversely proportional to the
weight of the gas
what is the normal range for RBC - ANS-4-6 million
what is the normal range for WBC - ANS-4,000 to 11,000
what is the equation for MAP - ANS-SBP + (2 x DBP)/3
when the MEAn artrial blood pressure falls below what, organ deterioration and failure
may occur in minutes - ANS-60 mmhg
Pre load - ANS-degree that the myocardial fiber is stretched rio to contraction
equation for Cardiac output - ANS-CO= SV x HR
Physiology Final Exam Semesters 1
Apnea - ANS-Complete absence of spontaneous ventilation
Eupnea - ANS-Normal spontaneous breathing
Biots breathing - ANS-short episode of rapid uniformly deep inspirations followed by 10
to 30 seconds of apnea.
Hyperpnea - ANS-Increased depth of breathing with or without an increased frequency
cheyne- stokes breathing - ANS-10 to 30 seconds of apnea followed by a gradual
increase in the volume of frequency of breathing followed by a gradual decrease in the
volume of breathing until another period of apnea. common in CHF
Kussmauls Breathing - ANS-Both an increased depth and rate of breathing
Orthopnea - ANS-A condition in which an individual is able to breath most comfortably
online in the upright position
Dyspnea - ANS-Difficulty in breathing. The patient is aware
Lung Compliance - ANS-is the ability to expand
Hooks Law - ANS-when a truly elastic body like a spring is acted on by 1 unit of force.
the elastic body will stretch 1 unit of length. elastance = Pressure divided by Volume
Laplaces law (bubble and surface tension) - ANS-If the bubble gets bigger, meaning the
radius gets bigger then the tension is low. if the bubble radius gets smaller then the
tension is greater.
Boyles law - ANS-Driving pressure. Pressure moves from High to low.
What are Type 1 cells - ANS-they are about 95% of the alveolar surface. they are a
major site of gas exchange. They are unable to reproduce
Type 11 cells - ANS-when type 1 cells die off they are replaced with type 11 cells that
convert to type 1 cells. they are able to reproduce
, Pros of Kohn - ANS-are located in the inter alveolar septa. they are small holes that
permit gas to move between adjacent alveoli
alveoli macrophages - ANS-they are type 3 cells that remove bacteria
interstitium - ANS-think of this as the packing in a box. except it is the packing in the
alveoli
Lymph nodes - ANS-produce lymphocytes and monocytes. think of them as the pool
filter
Pleural effusion - ANS-if fluid accumulation in the pleurals
empyema - ANS-is an infection in the pleruals
pneumothorax - ANS-air that is in the chest cavity
angle of the Left main bronchus - ANS-40 to 60 degres
Horizontal Fissure - ANS-separates the middle and upper lobes of the right lung
Pressure gradients - ANS-Pressure difference. moves from high to low
The normal transit time for blood through the alveolar capillary system is - ANS-0.75
seconds
under normal resting conditions, the diffusion of O2 and CO is usually completed in
about - ANS-0.25 seconds
grahams law - ANS-states that the rate of gas diffuse is inversely proportional to the
weight of the gas
what is the normal range for RBC - ANS-4-6 million
what is the normal range for WBC - ANS-4,000 to 11,000
what is the equation for MAP - ANS-SBP + (2 x DBP)/3
when the MEAn artrial blood pressure falls below what, organ deterioration and failure
may occur in minutes - ANS-60 mmhg
Pre load - ANS-degree that the myocardial fiber is stretched rio to contraction
equation for Cardiac output - ANS-CO= SV x HR
