UBC PSYC 217 Final Exam
Main problem with reactive measure - ✔️✔️It doesn't tell us how the person would
behave under natural circumstances
Two kinds of info yielded from a factorial design - ✔️✔️Main effect
Interaction
Main effects - ✔️✔️The effect that each IV, by itself, has on the DV
IV x PV design - ✔️✔️How different types of people respond to the same manipulated
variable
Simple main effect - ✔️✔️Examines the mean differences at each level of one IV
Moderator variable - ✔️✔️Influences the relationship between 2 other variables
Interactions - ✔️✔️An interaction between IV's indicates that the effect of one IV is
different at different levels of the other IV
Statistical variable used to address the reliability of a correlation - ✔️✔️Pearson-
product moment correlation coefficient
Statistical analysis to assess the unique contribution of each variable in a correlation -
✔️✔️Multiple Regression
Discriminant validity - ✔️✔️Is the measure not related to what it shouldn't relate to?
- The measure should be able to discriminate between the construct being measured
and other unrelated constructs
Internal consistency reliability - ✔️✔️Assesses how well a certain set of items relate to
one another
- Is a participants score on this construct similar across items that are aimed to measure
related aspects of the construct
Quality that single case experiments lack - ✔️✔️Generalizability
Setting that true experiments generally harder to perform - ✔️✔️In applied settings
,Reactive measure show - ✔️✔️What the person is like when he/she is aware of being
observed
Type(s) if scale(s) allow you to make quantitative distinctions? - ✔️✔️Internal and ratio
What an animal care committed is composed of - ✔️✔️1 scientist with experience in
animal use
1 institutional member who does not use animals
1 experienced vet and a community member
Multiple baseline: Across situations - ✔️✔️Same behaviour is measured in different
settings
Multiple baseline: Across Behaviours - ✔️✔️Several different behaviours of a
participant are measured over time
Multiple baseline: Across participants - ✔️✔️The behaviour of several participants is
measured over time
Ethical problem associated with reversal designs - ✔️✔️You cannot ethically take
people (medical patients) off treatment that is working
Reversal design (setup) - ✔️✔️ABA
(A) Baseline > (B) Treatment > (A) Baseline
Evidence that the manipulation was effective in a single case experiment - ✔️✔️A
change in the participants' behaviour from the baseline to treatment periods
5 steps in performing a program evaluation - ✔️✔️1 > Needs assessment
2 > Program theory assessment
3 > Process evaluation
4 > Outcome evaluation
5 > Efficacy assessment
Date of first major revision of TCPS - ✔️✔️2010
Date of first TCPS published - ✔️✔️1998
Attrition - ✔️✔️Another word for mortality
- People dropping out of studies
, Informed Consent - ✔️✔️Potential participants should be provided with all the
information that might influence their decision to participate
In what types of research is multiple regression common - ✔️✔️Personality, health,
and longitudinal developmental research
Regression Equation - ✔️✔️y = bX + a
Multiple Regression - ✔️✔️Uses scores on one variable (the predictor) to predict
changes in another variable (the criterion)
Squared correlation coefficient [r^2] - ✔️✔️The amount of shared variance
- The % of variance in one variable accounted for by the second variable
r value indicates a [Medium] effect/covariation - ✔️✔️0.30
r value indicates a [large] effect/covariation - ✔️✔️>0.40
r value indicates a [small] effect/variation - ✔️✔️0.10 - 0.20
Scatterplot - ✔️✔️Each pair of scores from a correlation is plotted as a single point on
a graph
Cohen's d = 1 - ✔️✔️The means are separated by 1 standard deviation
Cohen's d - ✔️✔️Describes the magnitude of the effect of the IV on the DV
% of scores fall within 3 SD - ✔️✔️99.7%
% of scores fall within 2 SD - ✔️✔️95%
% of scores fall within 1 SD - ✔️✔️68%
Variability - ✔️✔️The spread in a distribution of scores
Mean as most useful measure of central tendency - ✔️✔️It maximises the use of all
data
- Can use in statistical analysis
Value of central tendency to use when you have [nominal or ordinal variables] -
✔️✔️Mode
Value of central tendency to use when [outliers] - ✔️✔️Median
Main problem with reactive measure - ✔️✔️It doesn't tell us how the person would
behave under natural circumstances
Two kinds of info yielded from a factorial design - ✔️✔️Main effect
Interaction
Main effects - ✔️✔️The effect that each IV, by itself, has on the DV
IV x PV design - ✔️✔️How different types of people respond to the same manipulated
variable
Simple main effect - ✔️✔️Examines the mean differences at each level of one IV
Moderator variable - ✔️✔️Influences the relationship between 2 other variables
Interactions - ✔️✔️An interaction between IV's indicates that the effect of one IV is
different at different levels of the other IV
Statistical variable used to address the reliability of a correlation - ✔️✔️Pearson-
product moment correlation coefficient
Statistical analysis to assess the unique contribution of each variable in a correlation -
✔️✔️Multiple Regression
Discriminant validity - ✔️✔️Is the measure not related to what it shouldn't relate to?
- The measure should be able to discriminate between the construct being measured
and other unrelated constructs
Internal consistency reliability - ✔️✔️Assesses how well a certain set of items relate to
one another
- Is a participants score on this construct similar across items that are aimed to measure
related aspects of the construct
Quality that single case experiments lack - ✔️✔️Generalizability
Setting that true experiments generally harder to perform - ✔️✔️In applied settings
,Reactive measure show - ✔️✔️What the person is like when he/she is aware of being
observed
Type(s) if scale(s) allow you to make quantitative distinctions? - ✔️✔️Internal and ratio
What an animal care committed is composed of - ✔️✔️1 scientist with experience in
animal use
1 institutional member who does not use animals
1 experienced vet and a community member
Multiple baseline: Across situations - ✔️✔️Same behaviour is measured in different
settings
Multiple baseline: Across Behaviours - ✔️✔️Several different behaviours of a
participant are measured over time
Multiple baseline: Across participants - ✔️✔️The behaviour of several participants is
measured over time
Ethical problem associated with reversal designs - ✔️✔️You cannot ethically take
people (medical patients) off treatment that is working
Reversal design (setup) - ✔️✔️ABA
(A) Baseline > (B) Treatment > (A) Baseline
Evidence that the manipulation was effective in a single case experiment - ✔️✔️A
change in the participants' behaviour from the baseline to treatment periods
5 steps in performing a program evaluation - ✔️✔️1 > Needs assessment
2 > Program theory assessment
3 > Process evaluation
4 > Outcome evaluation
5 > Efficacy assessment
Date of first major revision of TCPS - ✔️✔️2010
Date of first TCPS published - ✔️✔️1998
Attrition - ✔️✔️Another word for mortality
- People dropping out of studies
, Informed Consent - ✔️✔️Potential participants should be provided with all the
information that might influence their decision to participate
In what types of research is multiple regression common - ✔️✔️Personality, health,
and longitudinal developmental research
Regression Equation - ✔️✔️y = bX + a
Multiple Regression - ✔️✔️Uses scores on one variable (the predictor) to predict
changes in another variable (the criterion)
Squared correlation coefficient [r^2] - ✔️✔️The amount of shared variance
- The % of variance in one variable accounted for by the second variable
r value indicates a [Medium] effect/covariation - ✔️✔️0.30
r value indicates a [large] effect/covariation - ✔️✔️>0.40
r value indicates a [small] effect/variation - ✔️✔️0.10 - 0.20
Scatterplot - ✔️✔️Each pair of scores from a correlation is plotted as a single point on
a graph
Cohen's d = 1 - ✔️✔️The means are separated by 1 standard deviation
Cohen's d - ✔️✔️Describes the magnitude of the effect of the IV on the DV
% of scores fall within 3 SD - ✔️✔️99.7%
% of scores fall within 2 SD - ✔️✔️95%
% of scores fall within 1 SD - ✔️✔️68%
Variability - ✔️✔️The spread in a distribution of scores
Mean as most useful measure of central tendency - ✔️✔️It maximises the use of all
data
- Can use in statistical analysis
Value of central tendency to use when you have [nominal or ordinal variables] -
✔️✔️Mode
Value of central tendency to use when [outliers] - ✔️✔️Median
