CFS PRACTICE TEST GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What steps are required in order to learn, remember, and recall material - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅info must be encoded (putting/storing info into memory), consolidated (organized),
stored (retaining long term mems), & finally recalled (retreived long term mems) for use in working
memory.
What is the difference between implicit and explicit memory? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅IMPLICIT
mems happen unintentionally, automatically, & without awareness, whereas EXPLICIT mems involve
recollection of events.
Why are recognition tasks generally easier than recall tasks? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅recognition
tasks present the answer & require whether info is familiar or not.
How does the habituation task allow researchers to assess an infant's memory abilities? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅habituation allows researchers to measure how long it takes for infants to become
"bored" seeing the stimulus repeatedly presented to them.
At what age do infants begin to show reliable recall for events? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅6 month
olds can recall simple events over a 24 hr period & a 9 month old can recall same events for up to 1
month. By 12-18 months, they can recall events over several months. fun fact: ((Memory lasts longer
after age 2.))
What are two reasons why older children have improved memories relative to younger children? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅older kids know more bc they have larger knowledge bases than younger
kids. this means older kids have better memory bases & have better understanding of their memory
strengths & weaknesses. ((metamemory))
How do scripts or GERs relate to memory? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅scripts or general event
representations (GERs) are created as we engage in routine activities. They also influence recollection of
past events & what we attend to & store about future events
What is the "take-home" message of the overlapping waves theory of problem solving - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅main point of overlapping waves theory is: people have a "toolbox" of diff strategies
, & they become selective about what strategy to use & modify. They can add strategies to their
"toolbox" as well
What are the differences in basic memory capacities of children and adolescents? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅adolescents are capable of more sophisticated mem strategies even if they aren't
used. adolescents also can juggle info in working memory and process info more quickly than in
childhood.
What memory improvements are we likely to notice when a child becomes adolescent? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅adolescents learn new strategies, such as elaboration. They have faster memory &
problem solving skills than children because frequently performed tasks become automated. They also
show greater awareness of memory.
On what types of tasks are older adults most likely to experience memory problems - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅older adults have problems on tasks that require speed or working w/ unfamiliar
material or unexercised skills.
How can adults minimize the effects of aging on memory and problem-solving tasks? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅older adults may be able to minimize effects of shrinking resources by selecting,
optimizing & compensating.
What is the difference between a dispositional trait and a characteristic adaptation? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅in McAdams & Pal's view (they came up with the big 5 personality principles),
dispositional traits are broad & stable, whereas characteristic adaptations are situation specific &
changeable ways of adapting to roles & life situations such as self concepts, goals, and coping styles.
What is the difference between self-esteem and self-concept? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅self esteem
is a value of worth as a person (high/low); self concept is varied perceptions you have of yourself
(positive/negative)
Why do social learning theorists think trait theorists are wrong about personality? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅these theorists don't expect behavior to b consistent. they believe situational
influences are powerful & that people learn to behave differently when environments change.
What steps are required in order to learn, remember, and recall material - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅info must be encoded (putting/storing info into memory), consolidated (organized),
stored (retaining long term mems), & finally recalled (retreived long term mems) for use in working
memory.
What is the difference between implicit and explicit memory? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅IMPLICIT
mems happen unintentionally, automatically, & without awareness, whereas EXPLICIT mems involve
recollection of events.
Why are recognition tasks generally easier than recall tasks? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅recognition
tasks present the answer & require whether info is familiar or not.
How does the habituation task allow researchers to assess an infant's memory abilities? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅habituation allows researchers to measure how long it takes for infants to become
"bored" seeing the stimulus repeatedly presented to them.
At what age do infants begin to show reliable recall for events? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅6 month
olds can recall simple events over a 24 hr period & a 9 month old can recall same events for up to 1
month. By 12-18 months, they can recall events over several months. fun fact: ((Memory lasts longer
after age 2.))
What are two reasons why older children have improved memories relative to younger children? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅older kids know more bc they have larger knowledge bases than younger
kids. this means older kids have better memory bases & have better understanding of their memory
strengths & weaknesses. ((metamemory))
How do scripts or GERs relate to memory? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅scripts or general event
representations (GERs) are created as we engage in routine activities. They also influence recollection of
past events & what we attend to & store about future events
What is the "take-home" message of the overlapping waves theory of problem solving - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅main point of overlapping waves theory is: people have a "toolbox" of diff strategies
, & they become selective about what strategy to use & modify. They can add strategies to their
"toolbox" as well
What are the differences in basic memory capacities of children and adolescents? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅adolescents are capable of more sophisticated mem strategies even if they aren't
used. adolescents also can juggle info in working memory and process info more quickly than in
childhood.
What memory improvements are we likely to notice when a child becomes adolescent? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅adolescents learn new strategies, such as elaboration. They have faster memory &
problem solving skills than children because frequently performed tasks become automated. They also
show greater awareness of memory.
On what types of tasks are older adults most likely to experience memory problems - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅older adults have problems on tasks that require speed or working w/ unfamiliar
material or unexercised skills.
How can adults minimize the effects of aging on memory and problem-solving tasks? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅older adults may be able to minimize effects of shrinking resources by selecting,
optimizing & compensating.
What is the difference between a dispositional trait and a characteristic adaptation? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅in McAdams & Pal's view (they came up with the big 5 personality principles),
dispositional traits are broad & stable, whereas characteristic adaptations are situation specific &
changeable ways of adapting to roles & life situations such as self concepts, goals, and coping styles.
What is the difference between self-esteem and self-concept? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅self esteem
is a value of worth as a person (high/low); self concept is varied perceptions you have of yourself
(positive/negative)
Why do social learning theorists think trait theorists are wrong about personality? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅these theorists don't expect behavior to b consistent. they believe situational
influences are powerful & that people learn to behave differently when environments change.
