CORRECTIONS FINAL EXAM REVIEW
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The term wergild focuses on which of the following? - Answer-Money paid to
relatives or victims of a crime
The dominant social institution during the Middle Ages in England and Europe was: -
Answer-the church
_______ was an English prison reformer whose research and writing led to the
passage of the Penitentiary Act of 1779 by the House of Commons - Answer-John
Howard
In New England, the Quakers maintained a society governed by what type of
principles? - Answer-Religious
The "congregate" system of prison discipline was first instituted at the: - Answer-
Auburn Penitentiary
With the rise of the medical model, the emphasis in corrections shifted to: - Answer-
The treatment and diagnosis of criminals
During the colonial period most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred
from _____ and adapted to local conditions - Answer-England
The medical model of corrections began to be implemented during the: - Answer-
1920'S
In regard to the convict lease system, prisoners were: - Answer-used for labor for
profit by private interests
During the Progressive Reform Era, two main correctional strategies were
implemented. They included improving conditions in social environments and: -
Answer-rehabilitating individual offenders
The _____ was an institution for young offenders that emphasized training, a mark
system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole - Answer-reformatory
The leasing of convicts to private entrepreneurs first took hold in the: - Answer-South
_________ has been credited with creating the mark system of graduated
confinement in England, which called for an inmate to obtain marks toward early
release - Answer-Alexander Maconochie
Like all other government services, corrections is constantly confronted by frequently
shifting _______ forces that further complicate administration - Answer-social and
political
, Which of the following countries now has the highest incarceration rate in the world?
- Answer-The United States
Approximately _____ of all people under correctional supervision are living in the
community on probation or parole - Answer-two-thirds / 60%
Which of the following is NOT one of the "Big 3" states in corrections? - Answer-
Montana
Most correctional offenders today are housed in which types of facilities? - Answer-
State prisons
The following is an example of corporal punishment: - Answer-Whipping
The invention of the penitentiary occurred due in large part because of: - Answer-the
influence of the Enlightenment thinkers and activists, a response to negative social
conditions and their influence on the rise of crime, and the growth of the surplus
labor due to the Industrial Revolution
The practice of removing offenders from the community to another land was known
as: - Answer-transportation
The Penitentiary Act was based upon core principles under which prisoners were
confined in solitary cells and labored silently in common rooms and were subjected
to: - Answer-secure and sanitary conditions
According to community-based corrections, the goal of the criminal justice system is
to: - Answer-reintegrate the offender
_______ is an alternative to incarceration which allows offenders to be treated in the
community under supervised conditions - Answer-Probation
With reference to time, rehabilitation is: - Answer-future oriented
Currently, the crime rate and rate of incarceration is: - Answer-slowly decreasing
Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the public and to
discourage the commission of offenses by others is known as: - Answer-general
deterrence
Sentencing guidelines are designed to do all of the following except: - Answer-
enhance rehabilitative efforts to punish offenders
According to the authors, which of the following is NOT one of the major sentencing
structures currently used in the United States? - Answer-Indeterminate
Individual states do not have their own constitutions (T/F) - Answer-False
By the end of the 1970s, federal judges had imposed changes on prisons and jails in
every state (T/F) - Answer-True
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The term wergild focuses on which of the following? - Answer-Money paid to
relatives or victims of a crime
The dominant social institution during the Middle Ages in England and Europe was: -
Answer-the church
_______ was an English prison reformer whose research and writing led to the
passage of the Penitentiary Act of 1779 by the House of Commons - Answer-John
Howard
In New England, the Quakers maintained a society governed by what type of
principles? - Answer-Religious
The "congregate" system of prison discipline was first instituted at the: - Answer-
Auburn Penitentiary
With the rise of the medical model, the emphasis in corrections shifted to: - Answer-
The treatment and diagnosis of criminals
During the colonial period most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred
from _____ and adapted to local conditions - Answer-England
The medical model of corrections began to be implemented during the: - Answer-
1920'S
In regard to the convict lease system, prisoners were: - Answer-used for labor for
profit by private interests
During the Progressive Reform Era, two main correctional strategies were
implemented. They included improving conditions in social environments and: -
Answer-rehabilitating individual offenders
The _____ was an institution for young offenders that emphasized training, a mark
system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole - Answer-reformatory
The leasing of convicts to private entrepreneurs first took hold in the: - Answer-South
_________ has been credited with creating the mark system of graduated
confinement in England, which called for an inmate to obtain marks toward early
release - Answer-Alexander Maconochie
Like all other government services, corrections is constantly confronted by frequently
shifting _______ forces that further complicate administration - Answer-social and
political
, Which of the following countries now has the highest incarceration rate in the world?
- Answer-The United States
Approximately _____ of all people under correctional supervision are living in the
community on probation or parole - Answer-two-thirds / 60%
Which of the following is NOT one of the "Big 3" states in corrections? - Answer-
Montana
Most correctional offenders today are housed in which types of facilities? - Answer-
State prisons
The following is an example of corporal punishment: - Answer-Whipping
The invention of the penitentiary occurred due in large part because of: - Answer-the
influence of the Enlightenment thinkers and activists, a response to negative social
conditions and their influence on the rise of crime, and the growth of the surplus
labor due to the Industrial Revolution
The practice of removing offenders from the community to another land was known
as: - Answer-transportation
The Penitentiary Act was based upon core principles under which prisoners were
confined in solitary cells and labored silently in common rooms and were subjected
to: - Answer-secure and sanitary conditions
According to community-based corrections, the goal of the criminal justice system is
to: - Answer-reintegrate the offender
_______ is an alternative to incarceration which allows offenders to be treated in the
community under supervised conditions - Answer-Probation
With reference to time, rehabilitation is: - Answer-future oriented
Currently, the crime rate and rate of incarceration is: - Answer-slowly decreasing
Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the public and to
discourage the commission of offenses by others is known as: - Answer-general
deterrence
Sentencing guidelines are designed to do all of the following except: - Answer-
enhance rehabilitative efforts to punish offenders
According to the authors, which of the following is NOT one of the major sentencing
structures currently used in the United States? - Answer-Indeterminate
Individual states do not have their own constitutions (T/F) - Answer-False
By the end of the 1970s, federal judges had imposed changes on prisons and jails in
every state (T/F) - Answer-True
