CORRECTIONS EXAM #2 STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What are the arguments for the use of private prisons/jails? - Answer-• Saves
taxpayer money
• Lower recidivism rates
• Free from politics
• Economic booms for areas in which they're located
What are the arguments against the use of private prisons/jails? - Answer-• Private
companies should not make a profit
• Only the gov't should be responsible for punishing people
• Few private companies to choose from
• Higher number of assaults in private prisons
• Higher turnover rate of staff in private prisons
What is the difference between the two historical phases of prison development? -
Answer-1. Pennsylvania System:
• Large-scale incarceration
• Reform through spiritual election
• Prisoners needed isolation/silence to repent
• Goals- rehab and deterrence
2. Auburn System
• Inmates worked silently together
• Isolated at night
• Harsh discipline
• Prison produced goods
List the nine eras of prison development. - Answer-1. Penitentiary Era (1790 - 1825)
2. Mass Prison Era ( 1825 - 1876)
3. Reformatory Era ( 1876 - 1890)
4. Industrial Era (1890 - 1935)
5. Punitive Era (1935 - 1945)
6. Treatment Era (1945 - 1967)
7. Community-Based Era ( 1967 - 1980)
8. Warehousing Era ( 1980 - 1995)
9. Just Deserts Era (1985 - present)
Penitentiary Era (1790 - 1825) - Answer-Goal: Rehabilitation and deterrence
Characteristics: Separate and silent; Congregate and silent
Mass Prison Era ( 1825 - 1876) - Answer-Goal: Incapacitation and deterrence
Characteristics: Congregant labor and living spaces without silence; Contract prison
labor
Reformatory Era ( 1876 - 1890) - Answer-Goal: Rehabilitation
, Characteristics: Indeterminant sentencing; Parole
Industrial Era (1890 - 1935) - Answer-Goal: Incapacitation
Characteristics: public accounts industries; contract labor; state use labor; convict
lease; Public Works Labor
Punitive Era (1935 - 1945) - Answer-Goal: retribution
Characteristics: strictly punishment and custody
Treatment Era (1945 - 1967) - Answer-Goal: rehabilitation
Characteristics: medical model; emerging prisoner unrest
Community-Based Era ( 1967 - 1980) - Answer-Goal: reintegration
Characteristics: intermediate sanctions (halfway houses, work-release centers,
group homes, fines, restitution, community service)
Warehousing Era ( 1980 - 1995) - Answer-Goal: incapacitation
Characteristics: sentencing guidelines; end of discretionary parole release; serious
crowding; more prison riots
Just Deserts Era (1985 - present) - Answer-Goal: retribution
Characteristics: just deserts; determinate sentencing; truth in sentencing; three
strikes law; serious crowding
What are the different work systems developed during the Industrial Era? - Answer-
The warden of the Walnut Street jail determined the product, purchase materials and
equipment, and oversaw the manufacture, marketing, and sale of prison made items
(public accounts system). At Auburn, prison industries expanded to include copper,
weaving, tailor, blacksmith, and shoemaking shops (contract system - Labor was
sold to the highest bidder). Conference lease system which temporarily relinquish
supervision of its prisoners to and lessee, who then employs the prisoners. State U
system employs prisoners to manufacture products consumed by state governments
and their agencies, departments, and institutions. Public Works system: prisoners
were employed in the construction of Buildings, roads, and Parks.
What are the different types of classification? - Answer-1. External classification
• Determines an inmate's security level
• Used for interinstitutional placement
2. Internal classification
• Determines an inmate's assignment to housing unites, cellblocks, work, and
programming
• Used for intrainstitutional placement
What is the purpose/advantage of classifying inmates? - Answer-1. Separates
inmates by risk level
2. Promotes a safe environment for staff/inmates
3. More accurately places inmates and more effectively deploys staff
4. Enhances prison security by reducing tension in prison
GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What are the arguments for the use of private prisons/jails? - Answer-• Saves
taxpayer money
• Lower recidivism rates
• Free from politics
• Economic booms for areas in which they're located
What are the arguments against the use of private prisons/jails? - Answer-• Private
companies should not make a profit
• Only the gov't should be responsible for punishing people
• Few private companies to choose from
• Higher number of assaults in private prisons
• Higher turnover rate of staff in private prisons
What is the difference between the two historical phases of prison development? -
Answer-1. Pennsylvania System:
• Large-scale incarceration
• Reform through spiritual election
• Prisoners needed isolation/silence to repent
• Goals- rehab and deterrence
2. Auburn System
• Inmates worked silently together
• Isolated at night
• Harsh discipline
• Prison produced goods
List the nine eras of prison development. - Answer-1. Penitentiary Era (1790 - 1825)
2. Mass Prison Era ( 1825 - 1876)
3. Reformatory Era ( 1876 - 1890)
4. Industrial Era (1890 - 1935)
5. Punitive Era (1935 - 1945)
6. Treatment Era (1945 - 1967)
7. Community-Based Era ( 1967 - 1980)
8. Warehousing Era ( 1980 - 1995)
9. Just Deserts Era (1985 - present)
Penitentiary Era (1790 - 1825) - Answer-Goal: Rehabilitation and deterrence
Characteristics: Separate and silent; Congregate and silent
Mass Prison Era ( 1825 - 1876) - Answer-Goal: Incapacitation and deterrence
Characteristics: Congregant labor and living spaces without silence; Contract prison
labor
Reformatory Era ( 1876 - 1890) - Answer-Goal: Rehabilitation
, Characteristics: Indeterminant sentencing; Parole
Industrial Era (1890 - 1935) - Answer-Goal: Incapacitation
Characteristics: public accounts industries; contract labor; state use labor; convict
lease; Public Works Labor
Punitive Era (1935 - 1945) - Answer-Goal: retribution
Characteristics: strictly punishment and custody
Treatment Era (1945 - 1967) - Answer-Goal: rehabilitation
Characteristics: medical model; emerging prisoner unrest
Community-Based Era ( 1967 - 1980) - Answer-Goal: reintegration
Characteristics: intermediate sanctions (halfway houses, work-release centers,
group homes, fines, restitution, community service)
Warehousing Era ( 1980 - 1995) - Answer-Goal: incapacitation
Characteristics: sentencing guidelines; end of discretionary parole release; serious
crowding; more prison riots
Just Deserts Era (1985 - present) - Answer-Goal: retribution
Characteristics: just deserts; determinate sentencing; truth in sentencing; three
strikes law; serious crowding
What are the different work systems developed during the Industrial Era? - Answer-
The warden of the Walnut Street jail determined the product, purchase materials and
equipment, and oversaw the manufacture, marketing, and sale of prison made items
(public accounts system). At Auburn, prison industries expanded to include copper,
weaving, tailor, blacksmith, and shoemaking shops (contract system - Labor was
sold to the highest bidder). Conference lease system which temporarily relinquish
supervision of its prisoners to and lessee, who then employs the prisoners. State U
system employs prisoners to manufacture products consumed by state governments
and their agencies, departments, and institutions. Public Works system: prisoners
were employed in the construction of Buildings, roads, and Parks.
What are the different types of classification? - Answer-1. External classification
• Determines an inmate's security level
• Used for interinstitutional placement
2. Internal classification
• Determines an inmate's assignment to housing unites, cellblocks, work, and
programming
• Used for intrainstitutional placement
What is the purpose/advantage of classifying inmates? - Answer-1. Separates
inmates by risk level
2. Promotes a safe environment for staff/inmates
3. More accurately places inmates and more effectively deploys staff
4. Enhances prison security by reducing tension in prison
