1. Case Study: A 35-year-old male presents with a persistent cough
and hemoptysis. He is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Pulmonary tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
D. Asthma
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, which
can present with symptoms such as a persistent cough and
hemoptysis (coughing up blood).
2. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with severe joint pain
and redness in her big toe.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Gout
D. Psoriatic arthritis
Answer: C. Gout
Rationale: Gout is caused by uric acid crystal deposition in joints,
most commonly the big toe, leading to sudden and severe pain,
redness, and swelling.
3. Case Study: A 55-year-old male presents with severe, burning
chest pain after eating, particularly when lying down. He has a
history of acid reflux.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Peptic ulcer disease
B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
C. Heartburn
,D. Angina pectoris
Answer: B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Rationale: GERD is commonly associated with heartburn and
burning chest pain, especially after eating or when lying down.
4. Case Study: A 30-year-old female with a history of frequent
urination and extreme thirst is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which organ is primarily involved in the regulation of
her blood sugar levels?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Small intestine
Answer: A. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood
glucose levels. In type 1 diabetes, the body fails to produce insulin
due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
5. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a cough, fever,
and pleuritic chest pain. He has a history of smoking.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
C. Bronchitis
D. Lung cancer
Answer: A. Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as
cough, fever, and chest pain. Smokers are at an increased risk of
developing pneumonia.
6. Case Study: A 25-year-old female presents with fatigue, cold
, intolerance, and weight gain. Laboratory tests show elevated TSH
levels and low T3 and T4 levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Diabetes Mellitus
D. Addison's Disease
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms and lab results suggest
hypothyroidism, characterized by low thyroid hormone levels (T3
and T4) and elevated TSH as the body attempts to compensate.
7. Case Study: A 30-year-old male presents with back pain and a
limited range of motion. His blood tests show high ESR
(erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Ankylosing spondylitis
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Lumbar strain
Answer: B. Ankylosing spondylitis
Rationale: Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis that
primarily affects the spine, causing back pain and stiffness. It is
associated with a high ESR.
8. Case Study: A 25-year-old male presents with persistent
headaches, visual disturbances, and an enlarged sella turcica on
imaging.
Question: What condition is most likely responsible for these
findings?
A. Brain tumor
B. Pituitary adenoma
C. Migraine
and hemoptysis. He is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Pulmonary tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
D. Asthma
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, which
can present with symptoms such as a persistent cough and
hemoptysis (coughing up blood).
2. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with severe joint pain
and redness in her big toe.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Gout
D. Psoriatic arthritis
Answer: C. Gout
Rationale: Gout is caused by uric acid crystal deposition in joints,
most commonly the big toe, leading to sudden and severe pain,
redness, and swelling.
3. Case Study: A 55-year-old male presents with severe, burning
chest pain after eating, particularly when lying down. He has a
history of acid reflux.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Peptic ulcer disease
B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
C. Heartburn
,D. Angina pectoris
Answer: B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Rationale: GERD is commonly associated with heartburn and
burning chest pain, especially after eating or when lying down.
4. Case Study: A 30-year-old female with a history of frequent
urination and extreme thirst is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which organ is primarily involved in the regulation of
her blood sugar levels?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Small intestine
Answer: A. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood
glucose levels. In type 1 diabetes, the body fails to produce insulin
due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
5. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a cough, fever,
and pleuritic chest pain. He has a history of smoking.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
C. Bronchitis
D. Lung cancer
Answer: A. Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as
cough, fever, and chest pain. Smokers are at an increased risk of
developing pneumonia.
6. Case Study: A 25-year-old female presents with fatigue, cold
, intolerance, and weight gain. Laboratory tests show elevated TSH
levels and low T3 and T4 levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Diabetes Mellitus
D. Addison's Disease
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms and lab results suggest
hypothyroidism, characterized by low thyroid hormone levels (T3
and T4) and elevated TSH as the body attempts to compensate.
7. Case Study: A 30-year-old male presents with back pain and a
limited range of motion. His blood tests show high ESR
(erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Ankylosing spondylitis
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Lumbar strain
Answer: B. Ankylosing spondylitis
Rationale: Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis that
primarily affects the spine, causing back pain and stiffness. It is
associated with a high ESR.
8. Case Study: A 25-year-old male presents with persistent
headaches, visual disturbances, and an enlarged sella turcica on
imaging.
Question: What condition is most likely responsible for these
findings?
A. Brain tumor
B. Pituitary adenoma
C. Migraine
