CRJ 437 Midterm #2 Exam Study
Guide A+ Graded
Nature & Extent of Female Criminality - ANSWER *Men are considered the standard
- Women don't show up in crime statistics at the same rate as men
- Women = treated differently in CRJ system
- Women break the laws less often than men
Types of Crimes Females Commit - ANSWER 1. Running Away
2. Prostitution
3. Shoplifting
4. Fighting (Indirect aggression/horizontal violence - picking on someone like them)
Percentage of Overall Crime from Juvenile Female Criminality - ANSWER 7%
Types of Crimes Females Commit More Than Men - ANSWER 1. Running Away
2. Prostitution
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Cesare Lombroso (Biological) - ANSWER -
Found fewer atavisms in females
- Females that committed crimes were seen to be cruel & very masculine
- Female criminality was linked to sexual issues
- Female criminals were hairy, stalky, short, had moles, could handle pain better
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Walsh (Biological) - ANSWER Psychological
differences between men & women are due to production of testosterone
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Reactions to Stress (Biological) - ANSWER
Girls internalize & boys externalize
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - "Maturation Disparity Hypothesis" (Biological)
- ANSWER Early maturing girls are more eager to slip parental bonds & seek out adult
status, independence, and possibly an escape from a negative family situation
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - W.I. Thomas (Psychological) - ANSWER - Girls
had desires that weren't fulfilled by society
,- Four wishes: Desires for new experiences, security, response, & recognition
- Girls would use their sexuality as "capital" to accomplish these goals, propelling them
towards delinquency
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Pollak (Psychological) - ANSWER - Women
have a precocious biological maturity that leads them to engage in sexual delinquency
- Believed that women are deceitful & manipulating because of their reduced
opportunities in society
- Women break the law much more than reported & men overlook anti-social behavior to
protect them
- Dominant culture gender roles should be maintained to prevent girls from being
delinquent
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Strain Theory (Sociological) - ANSWER
Merton, Cloward, & Ohlin
- Men adapting to the culture by adopting roles in which they could achieve their
success in a masculine manner
- Anti-social women wanted the same things as anti-social men
- Masculinity is at the core of delinquency & the idea that females might experience
other types of strain that leads to delinquency was not considered
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Labeling Theory (Sociological) - ANSWER
*Labeling Theory has been used to explain female delinquency & accounts for reaction
of society
1. Primary Deviance - the label put on youth by parents/peer (tag girl as a slut/tramp &
others will treat her that way)
2. Secondary Deviance - when the girl internalizes the label (she believes that it is an
accurate description & thus will act in that way
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Liberal Feminism (Feminist) - ANSWER - Men
control power & privilege in society (use their power in sexist ways to keep women "in
their place")
- How boys & girls are socialized into adult roles
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Radical Feminism (Feminist) - ANSWER - Call
for a major overhaul in the systems of gender relations in society
- They would wipe out many patriarchal structures that put women at disadvantages in
obtaining positions of power (rape & domestic violence have been decided in ways that
advantage male perpetrators)
, Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Socialist Feminism (Feminist) - ANSWER The
combination of social class & gender is used as a "double-whammy" to deny women
access to positions of power in society
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Intersectionality Feminism (Feminist) -
ANSWER Addresses the concerns of women who must contend w/ several issues that
limit their full participation in society
- An adolescent who is lesbian & a member of an ethnic minority is affected by the
combined effects of these statutes
- Manifested in more punitive treatment & fewer opportunities for rehabilitation
Challenges on pg. 251 - ANSWER Single Parent Families:
- Can be male/female headed
- 24% of ids live in mother only, 4% live in father only
- Female: may be a result of death Father: Unknown
- Two parents make it easier to stay out of delinquency
Cohabiting Parents:
- Might contain children from previous marriage
- Issues such as health insurance, tax issues, & legal matters
Blended Families:
- Bringing kids from previous marriage to new marriage
- Adjustment issues: new adult & new kids
- One way kids adjust to stepparent & kids is through rebellion/delinquency
Gay & Lesbian Families:
- Deal w/ problems from society
- Kids may experience embarrassment/harassment
- Experience few or no problems as a result of structure
Issues Raised by Author - ANSWER Child Victimization in the Family:
1. Child Neglect
- Less visible than child abuse
- Inability to plan, lack of knowledge, lack of judgment, & lack of motivation
Guide A+ Graded
Nature & Extent of Female Criminality - ANSWER *Men are considered the standard
- Women don't show up in crime statistics at the same rate as men
- Women = treated differently in CRJ system
- Women break the laws less often than men
Types of Crimes Females Commit - ANSWER 1. Running Away
2. Prostitution
3. Shoplifting
4. Fighting (Indirect aggression/horizontal violence - picking on someone like them)
Percentage of Overall Crime from Juvenile Female Criminality - ANSWER 7%
Types of Crimes Females Commit More Than Men - ANSWER 1. Running Away
2. Prostitution
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Cesare Lombroso (Biological) - ANSWER -
Found fewer atavisms in females
- Females that committed crimes were seen to be cruel & very masculine
- Female criminality was linked to sexual issues
- Female criminals were hairy, stalky, short, had moles, could handle pain better
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Walsh (Biological) - ANSWER Psychological
differences between men & women are due to production of testosterone
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Reactions to Stress (Biological) - ANSWER
Girls internalize & boys externalize
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - "Maturation Disparity Hypothesis" (Biological)
- ANSWER Early maturing girls are more eager to slip parental bonds & seek out adult
status, independence, and possibly an escape from a negative family situation
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - W.I. Thomas (Psychological) - ANSWER - Girls
had desires that weren't fulfilled by society
,- Four wishes: Desires for new experiences, security, response, & recognition
- Girls would use their sexuality as "capital" to accomplish these goals, propelling them
towards delinquency
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Pollak (Psychological) - ANSWER - Women
have a precocious biological maturity that leads them to engage in sexual delinquency
- Believed that women are deceitful & manipulating because of their reduced
opportunities in society
- Women break the law much more than reported & men overlook anti-social behavior to
protect them
- Dominant culture gender roles should be maintained to prevent girls from being
delinquent
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Strain Theory (Sociological) - ANSWER
Merton, Cloward, & Ohlin
- Men adapting to the culture by adopting roles in which they could achieve their
success in a masculine manner
- Anti-social women wanted the same things as anti-social men
- Masculinity is at the core of delinquency & the idea that females might experience
other types of strain that leads to delinquency was not considered
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Labeling Theory (Sociological) - ANSWER
*Labeling Theory has been used to explain female delinquency & accounts for reaction
of society
1. Primary Deviance - the label put on youth by parents/peer (tag girl as a slut/tramp &
others will treat her that way)
2. Secondary Deviance - when the girl internalizes the label (she believes that it is an
accurate description & thus will act in that way
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Liberal Feminism (Feminist) - ANSWER - Men
control power & privilege in society (use their power in sexist ways to keep women "in
their place")
- How boys & girls are socialized into adult roles
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Radical Feminism (Feminist) - ANSWER - Call
for a major overhaul in the systems of gender relations in society
- They would wipe out many patriarchal structures that put women at disadvantages in
obtaining positions of power (rape & domestic violence have been decided in ways that
advantage male perpetrators)
, Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Socialist Feminism (Feminist) - ANSWER The
combination of social class & gender is used as a "double-whammy" to deny women
access to positions of power in society
Theories of Female Juvenile Delinquents - Intersectionality Feminism (Feminist) -
ANSWER Addresses the concerns of women who must contend w/ several issues that
limit their full participation in society
- An adolescent who is lesbian & a member of an ethnic minority is affected by the
combined effects of these statutes
- Manifested in more punitive treatment & fewer opportunities for rehabilitation
Challenges on pg. 251 - ANSWER Single Parent Families:
- Can be male/female headed
- 24% of ids live in mother only, 4% live in father only
- Female: may be a result of death Father: Unknown
- Two parents make it easier to stay out of delinquency
Cohabiting Parents:
- Might contain children from previous marriage
- Issues such as health insurance, tax issues, & legal matters
Blended Families:
- Bringing kids from previous marriage to new marriage
- Adjustment issues: new adult & new kids
- One way kids adjust to stepparent & kids is through rebellion/delinquency
Gay & Lesbian Families:
- Deal w/ problems from society
- Kids may experience embarrassment/harassment
- Experience few or no problems as a result of structure
Issues Raised by Author - ANSWER Child Victimization in the Family:
1. Child Neglect
- Less visible than child abuse
- Inability to plan, lack of knowledge, lack of judgment, & lack of motivation
