GCSE AQA May 2024 Physical Education Paper 1 Including Mark Scheme

GCSE AQA May 2024 Physical Education Paper 1 Including Mark Scheme Abduction - ANSWER-The movement of a bone or limb away from the midline of the body. .Abduction - ANSWER-The movement of a bone or limb away from the midline of the body. .Ability - ANSWER-An inherited, stable trait. .Adduction - ANSWER-The movement of a bone or limb towards the midline of the body. .Advantages and Disadvantages of Anabolic Agents - ANSWER-Positives: - promoted muscle and bone growth and reduce recovery time Negatives: - increased risk of hair loss and acne - increased risk of disease and infertility .Advantages and Disadvantages of Beta Blockers - ANSWER-Positives: - improves control of finer movements - reduced heart rate and blood pressure Negatives: - nausea - increased risk of heart problems .Advantages and Disadvantages of Blood Doping - ANSWER-Positives: - increases red blood cell production which improves aerobic capacity Negatives: - increased risk of infection - increased risk of heart attacks .Advantages and Disadvantages of Diuretic Drugs - ANSWER-Positives: - causes urination to help weight loss Negatives: - increased risk of dehydration - increased risk of heart failure .Advantages and Disadvantages of Narcotic Analgesics - ANSWER-Positives: - Mask pain caused by overtraining so you can train harder Negatives: - increased risk of respiratory depression - can be addictive .Advantages and Disadvantages of PEDs - ANSWER-Positives: - increased success which leads to fame - increased success means more money Negatives: - if caught, reputation is irreparably damaged - side effects may occur - if caught, money and medals are stripped - it is cheating .Advantages and Disadvantages of Peptide Hormones - ANSWER-Positives: - increased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood which improves aerobic capacity Negatives: - thickening of blood - increased risk of heart attacks and strokes .Advantages and Disadvantages of Stimulants - ANSWER-Positives: - Increase mental and physical alertness and reduces fatigue Negatives: - increased risk of headaches, strokes and high blood pressure - can be addictive and overdose can kill you .Aerobic Exercise - ANSWER-This is working at a low to moderate intensity so that the body has time to use oxygen for energy production and can work for a long period of time. .Aerobic Formula - ANSWER-glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy .Aerobic Training Zone - ANSWER-This allows the performer to develop their ability to work aerobically, working 60-80% of MHR. .Aggression - ANSWER-Deliberate intent to harm or injure another person. .Agility - ANSWER-The ability to change direction at speed while maintaining control. .Agility Test - ANSWER-Illinois Agility Test .Alveoli - ANSWER-These are small air sacs in the lungs where gaseous exchange takes place. .Anabolic Steroids - ANSWER-Artificially produced hormones that mimic testosterone which promote muscle and bone growth and reduce recovery time. .Anaerobic Respiration - ANSWER-Working for short periods of time at a high intensity without oxygen for energy production. .Anaerobic Respiration Formula - ANSWER-glucose --> lactic acid + energy .Anaerobic Training Zone - ANSWER-This allows the performer to develop their ability to work anaerobically, working 80-90% of MHR. .Antagonist - ANSWER-Part of an antagonistic pair, this is the muscle or group of muscles that relax to allow movement to take place. .Antagonistic Pair - ANSWER-A pair of muscles that when one contracts, the other relaxes. This involves the antagonist and the agonist. .Arousal - ANSWER-A physical and mental state of alertness. This is shown via the inverted U theory. .Arteries - ANSWER-These have thick muscular walls and a small internal diameter. This is because they need to carry oxygenated blood away from the heart quickly under high pressure. .Articulating Bones - ANSWER-Bones that meet at a joint to enable movement. E.g. At the shoulder: scapula, clavicle and humerus. E.g. at the knee: femur, patella, fibula and tibia. .Axis - ANSWER-An imaginary straight line through the body around which it rotates. .Backflow - ANSWER-This is the flowing backwards of blood. Valves in the veins prevent this. .Balance - ANSWER-The ability to maintain centre of mass over base of support. .Balanced Diet - ANSWER-A diet that contains the right quantity of food so that you consume only as many as you expend. .Ball & Socket Joints - ANSWER-These can rotate, move towards and away from the body. E.g. shoulder and hip joints. .Basic Skill - ANSWER-A simple skill that doesn't require much concentration. .Beta Blockers - ANSWER-Drugs that steady the nerves by controlling the heart rate, creating a relaxing and calming effect. .Blood Doping - ANSWER-A method of removing blood a few weeks before a competition p, freezing it, and then reinjecting it just before which increases the number of blood cells in the blood stream, increasing oxygen carrying capacity. .Blood Pressure - ANSWER-This is the pressure the blood is under. The systolic reading measures the pressure the blood is under when the heart contracts. The diastolic reading measure the pressure the blood is under when the heart relaxes. .BMI Calculation - ANSWER-Weight(Kg) / Height(m) x Height(m) .Bursae - ANSWER-This is a sac filled with liquid floating inside the joint to reduce friction between tendon and bone. .Calorie - ANSWER-A unit of measurement for heart or energy produced in the body. .Capillaries - ANSWER-A network of one fell thick, microscopic blood vessels. .Cardiac Cycle - ANSWER-This is one cycle of diastole and systole. .Cardiac Output - ANSWER-The volume of blood ejected from the heart in one minute. .Cardiac Output Calculation - ANSWER-Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate .Cardio-respiratory System - ANSWER-This is when the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system work together. .Cardiovascular Endurance - ANSWER-The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to working muscles for long periods of time. .Cartilage - ANSWER-A tough but flexible tissue that acts as a buffer between the bones, preventing the bones from rubbing together and causing friction. .Circuit Training - ANSWER-Involves a series of exercises (stations) which are completed one after another with small rests in between. Advantages: - east to set up - large groups can train at the same time - no equipment required Disadvantages: - large space may be required - not suitable for individual training .Closed Skill - ANSWER-A skill that is not affected by the environment. .Commercialisation - ANSWER-The management or exploitation of a person, organisation or activity, designed in a way to make a profit.