PCN 107 Counseling Theories Final Study Guide Questions And Answers

PCN 107 Counseling Theories Final
Study Guide Questions And Answers
definetandtprovidetantexampletoftnegativetpunishmentt-tCORRECTttANSWER-
removaltoftpleasanttstimulust(takingtawaytcelltphonetfortbadtbehavior)

definetandtprovidetantexampletoftnegativetreinforcementt-tCORRECTttANSWER-
removedtfromtenvironmentttotdecreasetbehaviort(notdoingtdishestifttheyteattalltofttheirtfood)

definetandtprovidetantexampletoftpositivetpunishmentt-tCORRECTttANSWER-
additiontoftnegativetstimulusttotdecreasetbehaviort(yellingt"no"tattchildtwhentrunningtintotthet
street)

definetandtprovidetantexampletoftpositivetreinforcementt-tCORRECTttANSWER-
addedttotenvironmentttotincreasetbehaviort(stickertfortgoodtbehavior)

definetextinctiont-tCORRECTttANSWER-
whentsomeonetstopstgettingtrewardtfortsomething,ttheirtbehaviortstopst(animaltcrackertattst
oplights,tputtingtherthandtout)

definetpre-sessiontchangestandtexplaintwhyttheytaretimportantt-tCORRECTttANSWER-
askingtquestionstlike:t"Whattchangesthavettheretbeentsincetthetmomenttyoutcalledtmetforta
ntappointment?"tOr:t"Whattthingsthavetyoutdonetthattworkedtwelltbetweentthetmomenttyoutc
alledtandtnow?"t
-thetagencytoftthetclienttandthistself-confidencetistaffirmedtandtthetprocesstoftsolution-
talktcantbegintquickly

definetpunishment/punishert-tCORRECTttANSWER-decreasetbehavior

Definetrationaltandtirrationaltthinkingt-tCORRECTttANSWER-
rational:tleadsttothealthytwaystoftliving,tunconditionaltacceptancetoftpeopletandtthetwaytthin
gstaret
irrational:temotionaltdistress,tdysfunctionaltbehaviors,tandtneurotictwaystoftliving.tcriticaltoft
otherstandtthemselves

definetreward/reinforcert-tCORRECTttANSWER-increasedtbehavior

, describetthetimportancetoftpastthistorytintthetREBTtmodelt-tCORRECTttANSWER-
pasttistlookedtatttotseethowtittaffectstsomeonetinttheirtcurrenttstate,tbuttisn'ttthetmaintfocus.t
ex:tyouthavettrusttissuestwithtyourtcurrenttboyfriendtbecausetyourtlasttonetcheatedtontyou

exampletoftatgoodtproblemtfocusedtgoalt-tCORRECTttANSWER-Problem-
focusedtcopingttargetstthetcausestoftstresstintpracticaltwaystwhichttacklestthetproblemtortstr
essfultsituationtthattistcausingtstress,tconsequentlytdirectlytreducingtthetstress.tProblemtfoc
usedtstrategiestaimttotremovetortreducetthetcausetoftthetstressor,tincluding:tProblem-
solving.

exampletoftatgoodtsolutiontfocusedtgoalt-tCORRECTttANSWER-Thetsolution-
focusedtmodeltholdstthattfocusingtonlytontyourtproblemstistnottanteffectivetwaytoftsolvingtthe
m.tInstead,tSFBTttargetstthetclient'stdefaulttsolutiontpatterns,tevaluatestthemtfortefficacy,tan
dtmodifiestortreplacestthemtwithtproblem-solvingtapproachestthattwork

explainthowtattherapisttmighttdisputetirrationaltbeliefs,twhattquestionstmightttheytask?t-
tCORRECTttANSWER-asktfortevidencet&tchallenge,tsocratictquestioningt

ex:ttheytdon'ttcaretabouttyou?tHowtdotyoutknow?tdidttheyttelltyoutthat?

explaintshapingt-tCORRECTttANSWER-
Shapingtistthetprocesstoftreinforcingtsuccessivelytclosertandtclosertapproximationsttotatdesi
redtterminaltbehavior.tThetshapingtoftbehaviortstartstattantearlytage.tFortexample,tatchildtlea
rnsttotpulltitselftup,ttotstand,ttotwalktandttotfinallytmovetabouttthroughtreinforcementtoftslightly
texceptionaltinstancestoftbehaviors.




explaintsocratictquestioningt-tCORRECTttANSWER-
atformtoftdisciplinedtquestioningtthattcantbetusedttotpursuetthoughttintmanytdirectionstandtfo
rtmanytpurposes,tincluding:ttotexploretcomplextideas,ttotgetttotthettruthtoftthings,ttotopentupti
ssuestandtproblems,ttotuncovertassumptions,ttotanalyzetconcepts

explaintthetimportancetoft"beingttentative"tinttherapyt-tCORRECTttANSWER-Asktquestions
Slowtdowntthetprocesstoftthings
Checktintonthowteverythingtistgoingtandtallowtfortthetclientttotcorrecttthettherapisttasttheytaret
thetexperttintthetsession

explaintwhytnon-pathologizingtistimportanttintsolutiontfocusedttherapyt-
tCORRECTttANSWER-doestnottjudge




identifytthetassumptionstoftthetbehavioraltmodelt-tCORRECTttANSWER--
Focustontobservabletbehavior
-
thetenvironmenttandtlearningtcausetmaladaptivetbehaviorst(sometbehaviortistexplainabletb
ytgenetics)t
-changetcomestfromtaction