NSG-316 topic 6 Exam Questions Correct Solutions Current Update

NSG-316 topic 6 Exam Questions Correct Solutions Current Update delirium - Answer- acute confusion change or loss of consciousness -might be with acute illness (pneumonia, alcohol) dementia- - Answer- gradual progressive and decrease cognitive function whats going on in the brain as we age? Normal/abnormal? What would show up on brain scan? - Answer- normal- atrophy (symmetric and generalized on imaging) -loss weight/volume w/ thinning cerebral cortex -reduced subcortical brain structures -expansion of ventricles what happens when velocity nerve conduction decreases? - Answer- normal- reacition time slower - increase delay at synapse -diminished sensation of touch pain taste smell dyskinesias - Answer- normal in aging -muscle tremors occur in hands, head, jaw, facial grimce what might show up in the motor system when aging thats normal? Where can you most see decrease in muscle bulk in older adults? - Answer- general slower movement, muscle strength and agility decrease, decrease in muscle bulk (@ dorsal hand muscles) what happens to cerebral blood flow in aging adult? What does this create? - Answer- decrease in cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption normal: can cause dizziness, los of balance w/ position change -NEED taught to GET up SLOWLY (increase risk to fall) what might people over the age of 65 show that in younger adult would be considered abnormal? - Answer- -gerneral loss muscle build, muscle ton at face, neck, around spine -impated fine coordination and agility -loss of vibrator sense at ankle -absetn ACHILLES REFLUX -pupillary mitosis: constriction of pupils, irregular pupil shape, decreased pupillary reflux what is pupillary miosis - Answer- normal in aging adult- constriction of pupils what is the stroke belt - Answer- 8 states with high stroke mortality in the southeast region of the US. who is more likely to get stroke - Answer- black persons and hispanics/latinos vertigo - Answer- abnormal rotational spinning cause by neurological disease Dysphagia vs. Dysphasia vs. Dysarthria - Answer- Dysphagia - difficulty swallowing Dysphasia - difficulty speaking Dysarthria- difficulty forming words what are types of objective exams for neuro? - Answer- screening neurological exam, complete neurological exam, neurological recheck exam when might you do a screening neurologic exam? - Answer- well persons with no significant finding from hx (alert and awake A and O * 3) what might you find in a complete neurologic examination - Answer- -person with neurological concerns (headache, weakness, loss of coordination) -showing signs og neurological dysfunction when might you do a neurologic recheck exam? - Answer- person demonstrated neurological deficit who require more periodic exam ex: hospitalized persons or those in extended care what are the 5 parts in complete neuro exam? - Answer- you must integrate steps of examination with examination of particular body part 1)mental status 2) cranial nerves- when assessing head and neck 3) motor function 4) sensation 5) reflexes (deep and superficial)- tx superficial abdominal reflexes while asses abdomen how do you test cranial nerve I? when would you test this? - Answer- olfactory nerve (not tested routinely) persons eye closed occlude 1 nostril and identify familiar odor testing sense of smell with those who report: LOSS of smell, HEAD trauma, abnormal mental status, presence of intracranial lesion whats normal and abnormal when testing cranial nerve 1 - Answer- normal: person identify an odor each side nose -decrease with age is normal ASSYMMETRY in smell important to note ABNORMAL: Asnosmia air passage occluded w/ upper respiratory. or sinusitis what might you find when person has decrease loss of smell? and why - Answer- asonmia- Decrease or loss of smell occurs bilaterally with tobacco smoking, allergic rhinitis, COVID-19, and cocaine use. what does cranial nerve II test for? - Answer- ocular nerve tx: visual acuity and visual fields by CONFRONTATION -use ophthalmoscope, examine ocular fungus and determine size, shape, of optic disc what is pappuleedmea - Answer- abnormal result optic nerve -with increased intercraniel pressure and optic ATROPHY what do you test for cranial nerve III, IV, and VI: - Answer- oculomotor, trochlear, abducens nerve -palpebral fissures- equal width -check pupils: size, regularity, equality, direct and consensual light reaction, accommodation -asses extracular movements: cardinal position of base ptosis - Answer- dysfunction cranial nerve.3 dropping strabismus - Answer- abnormal-deviated gaze, or limited movement issue with Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI: oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves how do you asses from nystagmus? What nerve abnormality is it? - Answer- vibrating abnormal- III, IV, and VI: oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves -presence in one or both eyes -pendular movement(oscillations move equal right left to right) -jerk: quick phase one direction then slow -amplitude: degree of movenment -frequence-constant