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diversity of citizenship all plaintiffs be citizens of different states from all defendants.... if
they were from same state there would be no federal jurisdiction
district courts federal district courts are the trial courts of the federal judicial system, at
least one in every state
federal rules of civil procedure details concerning procedures to be followed in federal
court litigation
appellate courts 12 US courts of appeal plus a special court of appeals for the federal
circuit
judicial review power to review laws passed by the legislative body and to declare them
to be unconstitutional and void
,judicial restraint those who believe in this believe that the power of judicial review
should not be used except in unusual cases
judicial activism those who believe in this think that the power of judicial review should
be used whenever the needs of society justify is use
plaintiff party who files civil action
defendant party whom criminal charge is filed against
counterclaim when defendant wants to sue plaintiff
third- party defendants presence of other parties to help complete the determination of a
controversy
standing to sue plaintiff must show court that it has subject matter jurisdiction to hear the
case and that he or she is entitled to have the court decide the dispute
-real controversy/case
, -personal stake in controversy
personal jurisdiction power to hear a case means a court must have authority not only
over the subject matter of the case, but also over THE PARTIES TO THE CASE
summons personal jurisdiction over the defendant is usually obtained by the service of a
notice to appear in court
long-arm statutes service of process beyond state boundaries- summoning someone out of
state
5th amendment no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due
process of law
extradition process of requesting and transporting the prisoner from one state to another
class-action suit one or more plaintiffs file suit on their own behalf of all other persons
who may have a similar claim
-very powerful/disruptive