NEUROSCIENCE - EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Joseph Gall - Answer-Curious of bump on skull
Thought it correlated to bumps on brain
Phrenology
Bumps and depressions on skulls correlated to mental capabilities and mental illness
Became a huge deal and people paid to be tested to know
Started crainoscopy - used to measure the skull's bumps and depressions
Told you about your personality, instructed who was criminals
People used this to see if they were a good match with their partners
Went too far but gave more information about his localization of function
Discovery of the phrenological head
A lot of it is wrong, except that language is in the frontal lobe (not right behind the
eyes but close to that)
Localization & Lateralization of Function - Answer-Functions may be localized to
specific areas and to particular sides of the brain
Lateralization: one hemisphere can perform a function that the other can not
Ex: language typically in left hemisphere
Paul Broca: (broken speech) - Answer-Patient was only able to say "tan"
Right side body paralysis
Lesions in left frontal lobe
Leborgne "tan" lesion
Creation of Broca's area: difficulty of speech production but can understand the
speech they hear
There are other cases where they have coherent words but they are jumbled
Broca's patients know their condition
Language comprehension and language production are in different area
Carl Wernicke: late 19th century (wordy speech) - Answer-Patients can speak
fluently, but doesn't make sense
"Word salad"
Damage to temporal gyrus
Wernicke's area - speech comprehension
Sometimes they don't realize that what they are saying doesn't make any sense,
"why don't you understand me?"
Damage to wernicke's area = wernicke's aphasia
Able to identify area and speech processing network (more than just one area
required
Johannes Muller - Answer-Doctrine of specific nerve energies
All energies that we have have a specific nerve energy
Really have a specific nerve receptor
Ex: vision through photoreceptors
Receptors turn it into electrical energy and send it to the brain
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Joseph Gall - Answer-Curious of bump on skull
Thought it correlated to bumps on brain
Phrenology
Bumps and depressions on skulls correlated to mental capabilities and mental illness
Became a huge deal and people paid to be tested to know
Started crainoscopy - used to measure the skull's bumps and depressions
Told you about your personality, instructed who was criminals
People used this to see if they were a good match with their partners
Went too far but gave more information about his localization of function
Discovery of the phrenological head
A lot of it is wrong, except that language is in the frontal lobe (not right behind the
eyes but close to that)
Localization & Lateralization of Function - Answer-Functions may be localized to
specific areas and to particular sides of the brain
Lateralization: one hemisphere can perform a function that the other can not
Ex: language typically in left hemisphere
Paul Broca: (broken speech) - Answer-Patient was only able to say "tan"
Right side body paralysis
Lesions in left frontal lobe
Leborgne "tan" lesion
Creation of Broca's area: difficulty of speech production but can understand the
speech they hear
There are other cases where they have coherent words but they are jumbled
Broca's patients know their condition
Language comprehension and language production are in different area
Carl Wernicke: late 19th century (wordy speech) - Answer-Patients can speak
fluently, but doesn't make sense
"Word salad"
Damage to temporal gyrus
Wernicke's area - speech comprehension
Sometimes they don't realize that what they are saying doesn't make any sense,
"why don't you understand me?"
Damage to wernicke's area = wernicke's aphasia
Able to identify area and speech processing network (more than just one area
required
Johannes Muller - Answer-Doctrine of specific nerve energies
All energies that we have have a specific nerve energy
Really have a specific nerve receptor
Ex: vision through photoreceptors
Receptors turn it into electrical energy and send it to the brain
