NEUROBIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Actin filament motor protein - Answer-myosin, allow cell migration
myosin - Answer-has a head that attaches to the actin filament and a tail that
attaches to organelle components
motion requires atp binding and hydrolysis
goes towards positive end of cell
What is found in axon terminals - Answer-Actin filaments
synaptic vesicles
membrane facing synapse= densely littered with proteins
numerous mitochondria- suggest high enery demand
What is NOT found in axon terminals - Answer-microtubules
most dynamic part of cell - Answer-axon terminals
Nucleus - Answer-mRNA transcripts leave and travel to sites of protein synthesis
translation - Answer-assembling proteins from amino acids
gene expression - Answer-reading of DNA
Proteins - Answer-final product of gene expression
transcription - Answer-process of assembling mRNA containing gene info
mRNA strand - Answer-a transcript
promoter - Answer-specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and
begin transcription
RNA splicing - Answer-Process by which the introns are removed from RNA
transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together.
dogma gene - Answer-one gene one protein
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) - Answer-processes and transports proteins
made at attached ribosomes; synthesizes phospholipids
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) - Answer-the region of the endoplasmic
reticulum that has few or no ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface and synthesizes
carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones; detoxifies chemicals like pesticides,
preservatives, medications, and environmental pollutants, and stores calcium ions
, Golgi apparatus - Answer-A system of membranes that modifies and packages
proteins for export by the cell
Central nervous system major parts - Answer-cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brain
stem, spinal cord
Cerebral cortex - Answer-sensation and motor control, psychology
Cerebellum - Answer-little brain, coordinated movement, learning and memory
Brain stem - Answer-vital functions, sensory and motor pathways
blood brain barrier - Answer-Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain
substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out
Fragile X characteristics - Answer-mild to moderate retardation, long narrow face,
large ears, social anxiety
Fragile X cause - Answer-FMR1 gene mutation that causes too many CGG repeats
that prevents FMRP protein to be made. FMRP protein is responsible for maturing
dendritic spines so therefore people with Fragile X have more long and narrow
spines that are immature. This is thought to decrease communication between
neurons.
Links structure to function
No RER in ____ - Answer-axons
where do proteins originate in a neuron - Answer-the cell body, none are made in the
axon, they are moved through the cytoskeleton components
cytoskeleton and its parts - Answer-structural internal scaffolding of a cell
microtubules, intermediate, actin filaments
microtubules - Answer-arrange organelles, stable polarization, transportation and
shape
charge of cell body and axon - Answer-cell body = negative
axon = positive
TAU - Answer-microtubule protein that anchors the microtubule together, if
phosphorylated TAU can not keep microtubule together and it will fall apart
Microtubule motor proteins - Answer-Kinesins and dyneins
Kinesins - Answer-Move towards axon (positive end), anterograde
Dyenins - Answer-Move towards negative end/cell body, retrograde
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Actin filament motor protein - Answer-myosin, allow cell migration
myosin - Answer-has a head that attaches to the actin filament and a tail that
attaches to organelle components
motion requires atp binding and hydrolysis
goes towards positive end of cell
What is found in axon terminals - Answer-Actin filaments
synaptic vesicles
membrane facing synapse= densely littered with proteins
numerous mitochondria- suggest high enery demand
What is NOT found in axon terminals - Answer-microtubules
most dynamic part of cell - Answer-axon terminals
Nucleus - Answer-mRNA transcripts leave and travel to sites of protein synthesis
translation - Answer-assembling proteins from amino acids
gene expression - Answer-reading of DNA
Proteins - Answer-final product of gene expression
transcription - Answer-process of assembling mRNA containing gene info
mRNA strand - Answer-a transcript
promoter - Answer-specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and
begin transcription
RNA splicing - Answer-Process by which the introns are removed from RNA
transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together.
dogma gene - Answer-one gene one protein
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) - Answer-processes and transports proteins
made at attached ribosomes; synthesizes phospholipids
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) - Answer-the region of the endoplasmic
reticulum that has few or no ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface and synthesizes
carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones; detoxifies chemicals like pesticides,
preservatives, medications, and environmental pollutants, and stores calcium ions
, Golgi apparatus - Answer-A system of membranes that modifies and packages
proteins for export by the cell
Central nervous system major parts - Answer-cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brain
stem, spinal cord
Cerebral cortex - Answer-sensation and motor control, psychology
Cerebellum - Answer-little brain, coordinated movement, learning and memory
Brain stem - Answer-vital functions, sensory and motor pathways
blood brain barrier - Answer-Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain
substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out
Fragile X characteristics - Answer-mild to moderate retardation, long narrow face,
large ears, social anxiety
Fragile X cause - Answer-FMR1 gene mutation that causes too many CGG repeats
that prevents FMRP protein to be made. FMRP protein is responsible for maturing
dendritic spines so therefore people with Fragile X have more long and narrow
spines that are immature. This is thought to decrease communication between
neurons.
Links structure to function
No RER in ____ - Answer-axons
where do proteins originate in a neuron - Answer-the cell body, none are made in the
axon, they are moved through the cytoskeleton components
cytoskeleton and its parts - Answer-structural internal scaffolding of a cell
microtubules, intermediate, actin filaments
microtubules - Answer-arrange organelles, stable polarization, transportation and
shape
charge of cell body and axon - Answer-cell body = negative
axon = positive
TAU - Answer-microtubule protein that anchors the microtubule together, if
phosphorylated TAU can not keep microtubule together and it will fall apart
Microtubule motor proteins - Answer-Kinesins and dyneins
Kinesins - Answer-Move towards axon (positive end), anterograde
Dyenins - Answer-Move towards negative end/cell body, retrograde
