NUR1211C Test #1 questions with verified answers
-Onset
-Location
-Duration
-Characteristic
-Aggravating Factors
-Relieving Factors
-Timing
-Severity (Scale of 0 to 10) Ans✓✓✓ pain assessment:
-Rest
-Cold (time of initial trauma) & Heat (increase circulation later)
-Compression and immobilization
-Elevation Ans✓✓✓ R.I.C.E.=
-Surgical/nonsurgical
-Acute/chronic
-Superficial/partial thickness/full thickness Ans✓✓✓ wound classification:
-Transduction: conversion of mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimulus into
neuronal action potential
-Transmission: movement of pain impulses from site of transduction to brain
-Perception: pain is recognized, defined, and assigned meaning
,-Modulation: activation of descending neurochemical pathways that exert
inhibitory/facilitatory effects on transmission of pain Ans✓✓✓ what are the 4
steps of nociception?
(1) the inheritance of susceptibility genes, which may contribute to the failure of
self-tolerance, and (2) initiation of autoreactivity by triggers, such as infections,
which may activate self-reactive lymphocytes. Ans✓✓✓ the principal factors in
the development of autoimmunity:
1. initial phase: Inflammatory phase
2. granulation: fibroblasts- immature connective tissue cells- migrate into the
healing site and secrete collagen; collagen is organized and restructured to
strengthen the healing site (called fibrous or scar tissue). during the granulation
phase, the wound is pink and vascular. the epithelium thickens and begins to
mature.
3. maturation and scar formation: scar contraction occurs, collagen fibers are
further organized and the remodeling process occurs. a mature scar is then
formed. in contrast with granulation tissue, a mature scar is virtually avascular
and pale. Ans✓✓✓ what are the 3 phases of primary intention healing?
1. primary intention (wound margins are approximated)
2. secondary intention (edges cannot be approximated
3. tertiary intention (delayed primary intention- left open and then later
approximated)` Ans✓✓✓ 3 types of repair healing:
1) Vascular response
2) Cellular response
3) Formation of exudate
, 4) Healing Ans✓✓✓ what are the steps in inflammation?
4,500-10,000 cells/mcL Ans✓✓✓ normal WBC count:
active acquired immunity Ans✓✓✓ immunity that results from the invasion of
the body by foreign substances such as microorganisms and the subsequent
development of antibodies and sensitized lymphocytes. May result naturally from
a disease or artificially through immunization.
addiction Ans✓✓✓ loss of control, craving, and compulsive use of a drug
adhesions Ans✓✓✓ bands of scar tissue that form between or around organs;
may occur in the abdominal cavity or between the lungs and the pleura.
Advanced age, anemia, corticosteroid drugs, diabetes, inadequate blood supply,
infection, mechanical friction on wound, nutritional deficiencies (vitamin c,
protein, zinc), obesity, poor general health and smoking Ans✓✓✓ Identify factors
which delay wound healing and common complications of wound healing.
after cell injury, local arterioles briefly undergo transient vasoconstriction.
histamine is then released and then the vessels dilate. both vasodilation and
increased capillary permeability are responsible for redness, heat, and swelling at
the site of injury and the surrounding area. fibrin strengthens a blood clot formed
by platelets. the clot functions to trap bacteria, prevent their spread. Ans✓✓✓
what happens during the vascular response of inflammation?
airway obstruction Ans✓✓✓ often caused by the patients tongue blocking the
airway; the base of the tongue falls backward against the soft palate and occludes
-Onset
-Location
-Duration
-Characteristic
-Aggravating Factors
-Relieving Factors
-Timing
-Severity (Scale of 0 to 10) Ans✓✓✓ pain assessment:
-Rest
-Cold (time of initial trauma) & Heat (increase circulation later)
-Compression and immobilization
-Elevation Ans✓✓✓ R.I.C.E.=
-Surgical/nonsurgical
-Acute/chronic
-Superficial/partial thickness/full thickness Ans✓✓✓ wound classification:
-Transduction: conversion of mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimulus into
neuronal action potential
-Transmission: movement of pain impulses from site of transduction to brain
-Perception: pain is recognized, defined, and assigned meaning
,-Modulation: activation of descending neurochemical pathways that exert
inhibitory/facilitatory effects on transmission of pain Ans✓✓✓ what are the 4
steps of nociception?
(1) the inheritance of susceptibility genes, which may contribute to the failure of
self-tolerance, and (2) initiation of autoreactivity by triggers, such as infections,
which may activate self-reactive lymphocytes. Ans✓✓✓ the principal factors in
the development of autoimmunity:
1. initial phase: Inflammatory phase
2. granulation: fibroblasts- immature connective tissue cells- migrate into the
healing site and secrete collagen; collagen is organized and restructured to
strengthen the healing site (called fibrous or scar tissue). during the granulation
phase, the wound is pink and vascular. the epithelium thickens and begins to
mature.
3. maturation and scar formation: scar contraction occurs, collagen fibers are
further organized and the remodeling process occurs. a mature scar is then
formed. in contrast with granulation tissue, a mature scar is virtually avascular
and pale. Ans✓✓✓ what are the 3 phases of primary intention healing?
1. primary intention (wound margins are approximated)
2. secondary intention (edges cannot be approximated
3. tertiary intention (delayed primary intention- left open and then later
approximated)` Ans✓✓✓ 3 types of repair healing:
1) Vascular response
2) Cellular response
3) Formation of exudate
, 4) Healing Ans✓✓✓ what are the steps in inflammation?
4,500-10,000 cells/mcL Ans✓✓✓ normal WBC count:
active acquired immunity Ans✓✓✓ immunity that results from the invasion of
the body by foreign substances such as microorganisms and the subsequent
development of antibodies and sensitized lymphocytes. May result naturally from
a disease or artificially through immunization.
addiction Ans✓✓✓ loss of control, craving, and compulsive use of a drug
adhesions Ans✓✓✓ bands of scar tissue that form between or around organs;
may occur in the abdominal cavity or between the lungs and the pleura.
Advanced age, anemia, corticosteroid drugs, diabetes, inadequate blood supply,
infection, mechanical friction on wound, nutritional deficiencies (vitamin c,
protein, zinc), obesity, poor general health and smoking Ans✓✓✓ Identify factors
which delay wound healing and common complications of wound healing.
after cell injury, local arterioles briefly undergo transient vasoconstriction.
histamine is then released and then the vessels dilate. both vasodilation and
increased capillary permeability are responsible for redness, heat, and swelling at
the site of injury and the surrounding area. fibrin strengthens a blood clot formed
by platelets. the clot functions to trap bacteria, prevent their spread. Ans✓✓✓
what happens during the vascular response of inflammation?
airway obstruction Ans✓✓✓ often caused by the patients tongue blocking the
airway; the base of the tongue falls backward against the soft palate and occludes
