NURS6501 CH 1
Cells become specialized through the process of - Answer--differentiation or maturation
Eight specialized cellular functions are - Answer--movement, conductivity, metabolic absorption,
secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and communication
Eukaryotic cells consist of - Answer--the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and intracellular organelles
What is the nucleus? - Answer--the largest membrane-bound organelle and found in the cell's center
Chief functions of the nucleus are? - Answer--cell division and control of genetic information
What is cytoplasm (cytoplasmic matrix)? - Answer--an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space
between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
Where are organelles found? - Answer--suspended in the cytoplasm and enclosed in biologic
membranes
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - Answer--functions as an energy-transferring molecule and is fuel for cell
survival. Energy is stored by molecules of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein; which, when catabolized
transfers energy to ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation - Answer--happens in the mitochondria and it is the process by which energy
is transferred to ATP
, Cell survival and growth - Answer--depends on the constant exchange of molecules with their
environment
Transporters and channels - Answer--are the two main classes of membrane transport proteins
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? - Answer--a network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend
throughout the outer nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein lipid
components of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex? - Answer--a network of smooth membranes and vesicles located near the
nucleus
What does the Golgi complex do? - Answer--process and package proteins into secretory vesicles that
break away from the Golgi complex and migrate to a variety of intracellular and extracellular
destinations, including plasma membranes
What are lysosomes? - Answer--sac-like structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
digestive enzymes.
What do lysosomal enzymes do? - Answer--responsible for digesting most cellular substances to their
basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates (sugars)
What does cellular injury lead to? - Answer--a release of the lysosomal enzymes, causing cellular self-
digestion
Peroxisomes - Answer--similar to lysosomes but contain several enzymes that either produce or use
hydrogen peroxide
Cells become specialized through the process of - Answer--differentiation or maturation
Eight specialized cellular functions are - Answer--movement, conductivity, metabolic absorption,
secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and communication
Eukaryotic cells consist of - Answer--the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and intracellular organelles
What is the nucleus? - Answer--the largest membrane-bound organelle and found in the cell's center
Chief functions of the nucleus are? - Answer--cell division and control of genetic information
What is cytoplasm (cytoplasmic matrix)? - Answer--an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space
between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
Where are organelles found? - Answer--suspended in the cytoplasm and enclosed in biologic
membranes
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - Answer--functions as an energy-transferring molecule and is fuel for cell
survival. Energy is stored by molecules of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein; which, when catabolized
transfers energy to ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation - Answer--happens in the mitochondria and it is the process by which energy
is transferred to ATP
, Cell survival and growth - Answer--depends on the constant exchange of molecules with their
environment
Transporters and channels - Answer--are the two main classes of membrane transport proteins
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? - Answer--a network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend
throughout the outer nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein lipid
components of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex? - Answer--a network of smooth membranes and vesicles located near the
nucleus
What does the Golgi complex do? - Answer--process and package proteins into secretory vesicles that
break away from the Golgi complex and migrate to a variety of intracellular and extracellular
destinations, including plasma membranes
What are lysosomes? - Answer--sac-like structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
digestive enzymes.
What do lysosomal enzymes do? - Answer--responsible for digesting most cellular substances to their
basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates (sugars)
What does cellular injury lead to? - Answer--a release of the lysosomal enzymes, causing cellular self-
digestion
Peroxisomes - Answer--similar to lysosomes but contain several enzymes that either produce or use
hydrogen peroxide
