SPE 691 HYPOKINETIC DYSARTHRIA EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS!!
Hypokinetic Dysarthria - ANSWER -insufficient movement, rigidity, reduced range of
motion
-result of BG control circuit
Characteristics of Hypokinetic Dysarthria - ANSWER Manifests through all subsystems
but most evident in voice, articulation, and prosody
-reflects effects of rigidity, reduced force and range of movement, and repetitive
movements
Symptom exclusive to hypokinetic dysarthria - ANSWER increased rate of speech
Neurological basis of hypokinetic dysarthria - ANSWER -Damage to the basal ganglia
circuit
-massive degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons
extrapyramidal system & basal ganglia - ANSWER work synonymously through
structures like substantia nigra, striatum, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, globus
pallidus
-Depletion of dopamine causes a breakdown of communication within the system
Basal Ganglia - ANSWER Subcortical structures that produce neurotransmitters like
dopamine and acetylcholine (both inhibitors)
-Breakdown in the BG results in loss of ability to regulate muscle one causing rigidity
and lose the ability to stop extraneous movements to other motor activity
Cardinal features of Parkinson's - ANSWER -resting tremor
, -bradykinesia/akinesia
-Rigidity
-Postural Instability
Resting tremor - ANSWER -Early sign of PD
-Starts ipsilaterally but can progress bilaterally
-Often starts in hand/arm
-Can be seen in face, lips, or chin
-can worsen with stress or fatigue
Bradykinesia/akinesia - ANSWER -early onset confined to distal muscles
-slowness of movement
-freezing or hesitation
-paucity of movement
-lack of movement (masked face/ no arm swing)
-an issue with initiating and executing a motor act
-micorgraphia (small print), reduced dexterity, and impaired movement of fingers
Rigidity - ANSWER -involuntary increase in muscle tone, seen in flexors and extensors
-can affect all muscle groups
-elicited during passive movement and is either smooth or rackety
-initially unilateral can progress bilaterally
-varies throughout the day dependent on mood, stress, medication
-can be treated with dopaminergic therapy
Postural instability - ANSWER -late onset
-inability to control balance and avoid falling
ANSWERS!!
Hypokinetic Dysarthria - ANSWER -insufficient movement, rigidity, reduced range of
motion
-result of BG control circuit
Characteristics of Hypokinetic Dysarthria - ANSWER Manifests through all subsystems
but most evident in voice, articulation, and prosody
-reflects effects of rigidity, reduced force and range of movement, and repetitive
movements
Symptom exclusive to hypokinetic dysarthria - ANSWER increased rate of speech
Neurological basis of hypokinetic dysarthria - ANSWER -Damage to the basal ganglia
circuit
-massive degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons
extrapyramidal system & basal ganglia - ANSWER work synonymously through
structures like substantia nigra, striatum, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, globus
pallidus
-Depletion of dopamine causes a breakdown of communication within the system
Basal Ganglia - ANSWER Subcortical structures that produce neurotransmitters like
dopamine and acetylcholine (both inhibitors)
-Breakdown in the BG results in loss of ability to regulate muscle one causing rigidity
and lose the ability to stop extraneous movements to other motor activity
Cardinal features of Parkinson's - ANSWER -resting tremor
, -bradykinesia/akinesia
-Rigidity
-Postural Instability
Resting tremor - ANSWER -Early sign of PD
-Starts ipsilaterally but can progress bilaterally
-Often starts in hand/arm
-Can be seen in face, lips, or chin
-can worsen with stress or fatigue
Bradykinesia/akinesia - ANSWER -early onset confined to distal muscles
-slowness of movement
-freezing or hesitation
-paucity of movement
-lack of movement (masked face/ no arm swing)
-an issue with initiating and executing a motor act
-micorgraphia (small print), reduced dexterity, and impaired movement of fingers
Rigidity - ANSWER -involuntary increase in muscle tone, seen in flexors and extensors
-can affect all muscle groups
-elicited during passive movement and is either smooth or rackety
-initially unilateral can progress bilaterally
-varies throughout the day dependent on mood, stress, medication
-can be treated with dopaminergic therapy
Postural instability - ANSWER -late onset
-inability to control balance and avoid falling
