What does the term development mean? - ANSThis refers to how a country has grown economically
and technologically and its typical quality of life.
What does quality of life mean? - ANSRefers to the well-being of individuals with respect to a range
of human needs that should be met including economic, social (education, health etc); psychological
(happiness, freedom etc.); Physical (diet, access to water etc.)
Define the term development gap. - ANSThis is the difference in economic wealth / quality of life
between countries.
GNI is one measure used to look at a countries level of development - what does the term GNI
mean? - ANSThis is the total value of goods & services produced by a country, plus money earned by
overseas investments.
To use it to compare economic development it is (i) converted to US $ (ii) divided by population (per
capita) and (iii) adjusted for each country based on its income.
What are the three main groups of countries divided according to level of development - give an
example of each. - ANS1. Low Income Countries (LIC) - e.g. Ethiopia
2. Newly Emerging Economies (NEE) - e.g. Nigeria, China, India (have begun to experience higher
rates of economic growth)
3. High Income Countries (HIC) - e.g. Japan, USA, UK
Describe the global pattern of development with
regards to the distribution of HICs, LICs, NEEs. - ANS• Most HICs are in the N hemisphere apart from
Australia and New Zealand
• South American countries are mainly NEEs
• Asia has more NEEs than LICs
• Africa has more LICs than NEEs.
Give 3 limitations of using GNI as a measure of
development - ANS- It is calculated as a mean (average) (what is the problem with this - can you
think of an example?)
- Data may not be accurate
,- Data may be hard to collect (e.g. disaster / conflict)
- Rapid migration into cities makes it hard to know exactly how many live in a place and how much
they earn
- GNI uses US$ but currency values change every day.
State 4 examples of social measures of
development. - ANS1. Literacy Rates
2. Birth Rates
3. Death Rates
4. Infant Mortality
5. Life Expectancy
6. Access to Safe Water (%)
7. People per doctor.
Define the terms:
(i) Birth Rates
(ii) Death Rates
(iii) Infant Mortality
(iv) Life expectancy - ANSBirth Rates - number of babies born per 1000
population per year
Death Rates - number of deaths per 1000 population per year
Infant Mortality - number of deaths of children under 1 per 1000 live births
Life expectancy - average number of years expected to live for.
Give any 2 limitations of social measures of
development. - ANS- data can be out of date / hard to collect
- data may be inaccurate - not all infant deaths recorded in poorest countries
- water quality can change due to flooding / poor maintenance -
official estimates underestimate these problems
- in some NEEs people use mobile phones to get healthcare advice
this isn't taken into account by 'people per doctor' measure
,- carrying out literacy surveys difficult in conflict zones / shanty towns.
What is meant by the Human Development Index
(HDI) - ANSA method of measuring development in which GDP per capita, Life expectancy and Adult
literacy are combined. The HDI is expressed in values of 0-1 with 1
being the highest.
What is the benefit of using the HDI rather than just GNI in comparing levels of development
between countries. - ANSThe HDI combines BOTH economic and social indicators to provide a more
reliable index figures for comparison between countries.
There is a negative correlation between GNI
and birth rates - what does this mean? - ANSIt means that as GNI increases, birth rates decrease
(i) What type of correlation is shown in the graph
(ii) What does this tell us about the relationship between life expectancy and GNI per capita? ... -
ANS1. A positive correlation
2. This suggests that as GNI per capita increases
so does life expectancy (i.e. the average
number of years a person is expected to live
for).
What is meant by the terms natural increase and
natural decrease? - ANSNatural increase is where Birth Rates are greater
than Death Rates so the population is increasing.
Natural decrease is where Death Rates are greater
than Birth Rates so the population is decreasing.
As well as differences in birth and death rates what
will affect the total population of a country? - ANSImmigration and Emigration rates (i.e. people
moving in and out of the country)
, What does the Demographic Transition model show? - ANSA graph showing changes in population
due to changes in birth and death rates.
Name an example of a country at stage 5 of the
demographic transition model?
What is happening at stage 5?
How many this affect a countries development? - ANSi) e.g. Sweden, Germany, Japan
(ii) At stage 5 birth rates are very low and may dip
below death rates (as an ageing population means
there are more elderly)
(iii) With very low birth rates, this may affect the
countries productivity when this cohort reach
working age having to support a much larger
population of older people.
Describe what is happening in Stage 2 of the demographic transition model. ... - ANSIn stage 2 birth
rates are high but death rates have
fallen (e.g. due to improvements in medical care,
access to vaccinations, improved standards of living).
As birth rates are still high however population is
increasingly rapidly.
Suggest ways in which rapid population growth may
affect development. - ANS1. Higher unemployment and lower wages - too many
people for jobs available and employers can pay less.
2. Over-use of resources - e.g. water supplies, over-grazing
etc. can cause environmental degradation - e.g.
desertification due to soil erosion (further reduce
available land and resources available)
3. Insufficient food due to high demand may lead to
and technologically and its typical quality of life.
What does quality of life mean? - ANSRefers to the well-being of individuals with respect to a range
of human needs that should be met including economic, social (education, health etc); psychological
(happiness, freedom etc.); Physical (diet, access to water etc.)
Define the term development gap. - ANSThis is the difference in economic wealth / quality of life
between countries.
GNI is one measure used to look at a countries level of development - what does the term GNI
mean? - ANSThis is the total value of goods & services produced by a country, plus money earned by
overseas investments.
To use it to compare economic development it is (i) converted to US $ (ii) divided by population (per
capita) and (iii) adjusted for each country based on its income.
What are the three main groups of countries divided according to level of development - give an
example of each. - ANS1. Low Income Countries (LIC) - e.g. Ethiopia
2. Newly Emerging Economies (NEE) - e.g. Nigeria, China, India (have begun to experience higher
rates of economic growth)
3. High Income Countries (HIC) - e.g. Japan, USA, UK
Describe the global pattern of development with
regards to the distribution of HICs, LICs, NEEs. - ANS• Most HICs are in the N hemisphere apart from
Australia and New Zealand
• South American countries are mainly NEEs
• Asia has more NEEs than LICs
• Africa has more LICs than NEEs.
Give 3 limitations of using GNI as a measure of
development - ANS- It is calculated as a mean (average) (what is the problem with this - can you
think of an example?)
- Data may not be accurate
,- Data may be hard to collect (e.g. disaster / conflict)
- Rapid migration into cities makes it hard to know exactly how many live in a place and how much
they earn
- GNI uses US$ but currency values change every day.
State 4 examples of social measures of
development. - ANS1. Literacy Rates
2. Birth Rates
3. Death Rates
4. Infant Mortality
5. Life Expectancy
6. Access to Safe Water (%)
7. People per doctor.
Define the terms:
(i) Birth Rates
(ii) Death Rates
(iii) Infant Mortality
(iv) Life expectancy - ANSBirth Rates - number of babies born per 1000
population per year
Death Rates - number of deaths per 1000 population per year
Infant Mortality - number of deaths of children under 1 per 1000 live births
Life expectancy - average number of years expected to live for.
Give any 2 limitations of social measures of
development. - ANS- data can be out of date / hard to collect
- data may be inaccurate - not all infant deaths recorded in poorest countries
- water quality can change due to flooding / poor maintenance -
official estimates underestimate these problems
- in some NEEs people use mobile phones to get healthcare advice
this isn't taken into account by 'people per doctor' measure
,- carrying out literacy surveys difficult in conflict zones / shanty towns.
What is meant by the Human Development Index
(HDI) - ANSA method of measuring development in which GDP per capita, Life expectancy and Adult
literacy are combined. The HDI is expressed in values of 0-1 with 1
being the highest.
What is the benefit of using the HDI rather than just GNI in comparing levels of development
between countries. - ANSThe HDI combines BOTH economic and social indicators to provide a more
reliable index figures for comparison between countries.
There is a negative correlation between GNI
and birth rates - what does this mean? - ANSIt means that as GNI increases, birth rates decrease
(i) What type of correlation is shown in the graph
(ii) What does this tell us about the relationship between life expectancy and GNI per capita? ... -
ANS1. A positive correlation
2. This suggests that as GNI per capita increases
so does life expectancy (i.e. the average
number of years a person is expected to live
for).
What is meant by the terms natural increase and
natural decrease? - ANSNatural increase is where Birth Rates are greater
than Death Rates so the population is increasing.
Natural decrease is where Death Rates are greater
than Birth Rates so the population is decreasing.
As well as differences in birth and death rates what
will affect the total population of a country? - ANSImmigration and Emigration rates (i.e. people
moving in and out of the country)
, What does the Demographic Transition model show? - ANSA graph showing changes in population
due to changes in birth and death rates.
Name an example of a country at stage 5 of the
demographic transition model?
What is happening at stage 5?
How many this affect a countries development? - ANSi) e.g. Sweden, Germany, Japan
(ii) At stage 5 birth rates are very low and may dip
below death rates (as an ageing population means
there are more elderly)
(iii) With very low birth rates, this may affect the
countries productivity when this cohort reach
working age having to support a much larger
population of older people.
Describe what is happening in Stage 2 of the demographic transition model. ... - ANSIn stage 2 birth
rates are high but death rates have
fallen (e.g. due to improvements in medical care,
access to vaccinations, improved standards of living).
As birth rates are still high however population is
increasingly rapidly.
Suggest ways in which rapid population growth may
affect development. - ANS1. Higher unemployment and lower wages - too many
people for jobs available and employers can pay less.
2. Over-use of resources - e.g. water supplies, over-grazing
etc. can cause environmental degradation - e.g.
desertification due to soil erosion (further reduce
available land and resources available)
3. Insufficient food due to high demand may lead to
