--- KC 1
1. What is the role of nursing in research? (Ch. 1; pg. 20)
- BSN- Read and critically appraise studies. Use best research in practice with guidance assist and
research problems. Identify and date collect.
- MSN- Critically appraise and synthesize studies to develop and revise protocols, algorithms, and
policies for practice. Implement best research evidence in practice. Collaborate in research
projects and provide clinical expertise for research.
- DNP- Participate in development of national evidence based guidelines. Develop, implement,
critical appraise and revise as needed protocols, policies, and evidence based guidelines used as
clinical agencies conduct clinical studies usually in collaboration with another nurse research.
- PhD-Major role, such as primary investigator, in conducting research and contributing to the
empirical knowledge generated in a selected area of study; obtain funding for research; coordinate
research teams of BSN, MSN, and DNP nurses.
- Post-DOC- Assume full research role lead and/ or participate in nursing and interdisciplinary
teams. Identified as experts in their areas of research. Mentor PHD.
2. What are the ways of knowing in nursing described in the textbook? (Ch. 1; pg.
11)
- From your classroom and clinical experiences, the quality depends on the knowledge you acquire.
The different ways are:
o Traditions- customs and trends (i.e. procedure manuals)
o Authority-person in power institutes behavior (i.e. nurses who publish/professors)
o Borrowing- knowledge borrowed from other fields (i.e. medical model or therapeutic
communication from psychology)
o Trial and error- unknown outcomes used when situation is uncertain
o Personal experience- knowledge by involvement
o Role modeling- knowledge by imitation of an expert.
o Intuition- gut feeling
o Reasoning- organizing ideas to reach a conclusion
3. What makes nursing research unique compared to other types of research? (Ch.
1)
- Nursing research is unique because it focuses on improving patient care and overall health
outcomes
- Its emphasis on patient centered care and its interdisciplinary approach to addressing complex
healthcare problems
4. How does the role of the researcher differ among descriptive, correlation, quasi-
experimental, and experimental research? (Ch. 2; pg. 30-32)
- Descriptive- exploration and descriptive of phenomena in real life situations. It provides an
accurate account of characteristic or particular individual situation or groups. In descriptive
research, the researcher's role is to observe and describe a phenomenon or behavior. The
researcher may collect data through surveys, interviews, or observations and use descriptive
statistics to summarize and analyze the data. The researcher does not manipulate any variables or
attempt to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
- Correlations- Systematic investigation of relationships between or among variables when
conducting this study. Researchers measure variables in samples and use correlational statistics to
determine relationships. In correlational research, the researcher's role is to examine the
relationship between two or more variables. The researcher may collect data through surveys or
other measures and use correlation coefficients to determine the strength and direction of the
, relationship between the variables. The researcher does not manipulate any variables or attempt to
establish cause-and-effect relationships.
- Quasi-Experimental- Examine casual relationships or determine the effect of one variable on
another. In quasi-experimental research, the researcher's role is to compare groups or conditions
that are already in existence. The researcher may manipulate an independent variable, but not
through random assignment. The researcher may collect data through surveys or other measures
and use statistical techniques to analyze the data and draw conclusions about the effects of the
independent variable.
- Experimental- an objective systematic high controlled investigation conducted for the purpose of
predicting and controlling phenomena in nursing practice. It is the most powerful method. In
experimental research, the researcher's role is to manipulate an independent variable and
randomly assign participants to different groups or conditions. The researcher may collect data
through surveys, observations, or other measures and use statistical techniques to analyze the
data and draw conclusions about the effects of the independent variable. The researcher seeks to
establish cause-and-effect relationships and control for potential confounding variables.
5. What are the differences between basic/bench vs applied research? (Ch. 2; pg.
33)
- Basic research- “pure research” includes scientific investigation conducted for the pursuit of
knowledge for the knowledge’s sake or for the pleasure of learning and finding truth to generate
and refine theory.
- Applied research- “practical research” scientific investigations conducted to generate knowledge
that will directly influence or improve clinical practice.
o One purpose is to solve problems, make decision and predict or control outcomes in real
life practice situations
- Main difference between basic/bench research and applied research is their GOALS and
APPLICATIONS
o Basic/bench research seeks to expand knowledge in particular field without specific
practical application
o Applied research focuses on solving practical problems or addressing specific issues using
the knowledge gained from basic/bench research
6. What is rigor? How does it apply in quantitative vs qualitative studies? (Ch. 2; pg.
34)
- Rigor in quantitative is the striving for excellence in research, which requires discipline, adherence
to detail, precision, and accuracy (Precision + Controls)
- Rigor in a qualitative study is the strength to which the identified meanings represent the
perspectives of the participants accurately.
- Precision is an aspect of rigor. It encompasses accuracy, detail, and order
- In research, rigor refers to the degree of accuracy, consistency, and quality in the research process
and the resulting findings. It is a measure of the reliability and validity of the research and is
essential for producing credible and trustworthy results.
- The application of rigor in quantitative and qualitative studies can differ in several ways:
o Quantitative Studies: In quantitative studies, rigor involves ensuring the accuracy and
consistency of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Rigor in quantitative studies is
typically achieved through the use of standardized measurement instruments, statistical
techniques, and sampling methods. The researcher aims to minimize bias and ensure that
the findings are replicable and generalizable to the larger population.
o Qualitative Studies: In qualitative studies, rigor involves ensuring that the data collection,
analysis, and interpretation are thorough, detailed, and systematic. Rigor in qualitative
studies is typically achieved through the use of rigorous data collection methods, such as
observation, interviews, and focus groups, and systematic data analysis techniques, such
as coding and thematic analysis. The researcher aims to ensure that the findings are
trustworthy, credible, and grounded in the data.
1. What is the role of nursing in research? (Ch. 1; pg. 20)
- BSN- Read and critically appraise studies. Use best research in practice with guidance assist and
research problems. Identify and date collect.
- MSN- Critically appraise and synthesize studies to develop and revise protocols, algorithms, and
policies for practice. Implement best research evidence in practice. Collaborate in research
projects and provide clinical expertise for research.
- DNP- Participate in development of national evidence based guidelines. Develop, implement,
critical appraise and revise as needed protocols, policies, and evidence based guidelines used as
clinical agencies conduct clinical studies usually in collaboration with another nurse research.
- PhD-Major role, such as primary investigator, in conducting research and contributing to the
empirical knowledge generated in a selected area of study; obtain funding for research; coordinate
research teams of BSN, MSN, and DNP nurses.
- Post-DOC- Assume full research role lead and/ or participate in nursing and interdisciplinary
teams. Identified as experts in their areas of research. Mentor PHD.
2. What are the ways of knowing in nursing described in the textbook? (Ch. 1; pg.
11)
- From your classroom and clinical experiences, the quality depends on the knowledge you acquire.
The different ways are:
o Traditions- customs and trends (i.e. procedure manuals)
o Authority-person in power institutes behavior (i.e. nurses who publish/professors)
o Borrowing- knowledge borrowed from other fields (i.e. medical model or therapeutic
communication from psychology)
o Trial and error- unknown outcomes used when situation is uncertain
o Personal experience- knowledge by involvement
o Role modeling- knowledge by imitation of an expert.
o Intuition- gut feeling
o Reasoning- organizing ideas to reach a conclusion
3. What makes nursing research unique compared to other types of research? (Ch.
1)
- Nursing research is unique because it focuses on improving patient care and overall health
outcomes
- Its emphasis on patient centered care and its interdisciplinary approach to addressing complex
healthcare problems
4. How does the role of the researcher differ among descriptive, correlation, quasi-
experimental, and experimental research? (Ch. 2; pg. 30-32)
- Descriptive- exploration and descriptive of phenomena in real life situations. It provides an
accurate account of characteristic or particular individual situation or groups. In descriptive
research, the researcher's role is to observe and describe a phenomenon or behavior. The
researcher may collect data through surveys, interviews, or observations and use descriptive
statistics to summarize and analyze the data. The researcher does not manipulate any variables or
attempt to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
- Correlations- Systematic investigation of relationships between or among variables when
conducting this study. Researchers measure variables in samples and use correlational statistics to
determine relationships. In correlational research, the researcher's role is to examine the
relationship between two or more variables. The researcher may collect data through surveys or
other measures and use correlation coefficients to determine the strength and direction of the
, relationship between the variables. The researcher does not manipulate any variables or attempt to
establish cause-and-effect relationships.
- Quasi-Experimental- Examine casual relationships or determine the effect of one variable on
another. In quasi-experimental research, the researcher's role is to compare groups or conditions
that are already in existence. The researcher may manipulate an independent variable, but not
through random assignment. The researcher may collect data through surveys or other measures
and use statistical techniques to analyze the data and draw conclusions about the effects of the
independent variable.
- Experimental- an objective systematic high controlled investigation conducted for the purpose of
predicting and controlling phenomena in nursing practice. It is the most powerful method. In
experimental research, the researcher's role is to manipulate an independent variable and
randomly assign participants to different groups or conditions. The researcher may collect data
through surveys, observations, or other measures and use statistical techniques to analyze the
data and draw conclusions about the effects of the independent variable. The researcher seeks to
establish cause-and-effect relationships and control for potential confounding variables.
5. What are the differences between basic/bench vs applied research? (Ch. 2; pg.
33)
- Basic research- “pure research” includes scientific investigation conducted for the pursuit of
knowledge for the knowledge’s sake or for the pleasure of learning and finding truth to generate
and refine theory.
- Applied research- “practical research” scientific investigations conducted to generate knowledge
that will directly influence or improve clinical practice.
o One purpose is to solve problems, make decision and predict or control outcomes in real
life practice situations
- Main difference between basic/bench research and applied research is their GOALS and
APPLICATIONS
o Basic/bench research seeks to expand knowledge in particular field without specific
practical application
o Applied research focuses on solving practical problems or addressing specific issues using
the knowledge gained from basic/bench research
6. What is rigor? How does it apply in quantitative vs qualitative studies? (Ch. 2; pg.
34)
- Rigor in quantitative is the striving for excellence in research, which requires discipline, adherence
to detail, precision, and accuracy (Precision + Controls)
- Rigor in a qualitative study is the strength to which the identified meanings represent the
perspectives of the participants accurately.
- Precision is an aspect of rigor. It encompasses accuracy, detail, and order
- In research, rigor refers to the degree of accuracy, consistency, and quality in the research process
and the resulting findings. It is a measure of the reliability and validity of the research and is
essential for producing credible and trustworthy results.
- The application of rigor in quantitative and qualitative studies can differ in several ways:
o Quantitative Studies: In quantitative studies, rigor involves ensuring the accuracy and
consistency of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Rigor in quantitative studies is
typically achieved through the use of standardized measurement instruments, statistical
techniques, and sampling methods. The researcher aims to minimize bias and ensure that
the findings are replicable and generalizable to the larger population.
o Qualitative Studies: In qualitative studies, rigor involves ensuring that the data collection,
analysis, and interpretation are thorough, detailed, and systematic. Rigor in qualitative
studies is typically achieved through the use of rigorous data collection methods, such as
observation, interviews, and focus groups, and systematic data analysis techniques, such
as coding and thematic analysis. The researcher aims to ensure that the findings are
trustworthy, credible, and grounded in the data.
