Fortis College-SLC General Biology
Exam 2 Questions And Correct Answers.
ATP - Answer (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their
work. 1 nucleotide + 3 phosphate group makes it unstable. If loses phosphate group becomes
ADP
ATP is composed of - Answer ribose (a sugar), adenine (a nitrogenous base), and three
phosphate groups
Coupled reactions - Answer Energy releasing action usually in the form of ATP breakdown
Release of ATP+P causes myosin to change shape and cause muscle movement
What do plants and other living organisms need for food - Answer Photosynthesis
What is photosynthesis - Answer Solar energy used to convert water and carbon dioxide into
carbohydrates
What is cellular respiration? - Answer Carbohydrates broken down and energy used to build
ATP
Metabolic pathway - Answer series of linked reactions, beginning with a particular reactant
and terminating with an end product
The letters A-G= Substrates
The letters E1-E6= Enzymes
What are enzymes - Answer Act on substrates
May facilitate breakdown of synthesis reactions
A change in shape facilitates the reaction
Enzyme inhibition - Answer occurs when an active enzyme is prevented from combining with
its substrate
,Plasma membrane - Answer A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer some substances
pass freely, some transported, some prohibited
What are the 3 ways to enter through a plasma membrane by cell transport - Answer Passive
transport
Active transport
Bulk transport
Passive Transport (Diffusion) - Answer Requires no energy to move molecules from high to low
concentration
Active transport - Answer Substances move from lower concentration to high concentration-
Requires energy
Bulk transport - Answer movement independent of gradients, additional energy required
Osmosis - Answer Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. From high to
low concentration
Isotonic solution - Answer cell stays the same
Hypotonic solution - Answer Concentration of water outside cell great than inside cell.-Cell will
swell
Hypertonic solution - Answer Concentration of water outside cell less than inside cell- Cell will
shrink
Exocytosis - Answer Movement out of a cell
Endocytosis - Answer Movement into a cell
Phagocytosis - Answer Cell surrounds, engulfs, and digests particle
, What are the 4 stages of cellular respiration - Answer glycolysis, preparatory reaction, citric
acid cycle, electron transport chain
Glycolysis - Answer Start with a glucose
End with 2 3-carbon pyruvate
Net gain for 2 ATP
How many ATP for: Glycolysis, Fermentation, and Citric Acid Cycle - Answer Glycolysis=2
Fermentation=2
Citric Acid Cycle=2
36-38 Total
Phases of Kreb Cycle - Answer Glycolysis: NADH: 2 FADH:0 ATP Yield: 2
Prep reaction: NADH: 2 FADH: 0 ATP Yield: 0
Citric Acid: NADH: 6 FADH: 2 ATP Yield: 2
Electron Tran.
Chain NADH: 10--------------ATP Yield: 34
Total:38
Meiosis 2 major functions - Answer Reducing chromosome number
Shuffling chromosomes in the cell to produce genetically different gametes
Homologous chromosomes - Answer Members of a pair of chromosomes
Also called homologues
Have the same size, shape, and construction (location of centromere)
Contain the same genes for the same traits
Exam 2 Questions And Correct Answers.
ATP - Answer (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their
work. 1 nucleotide + 3 phosphate group makes it unstable. If loses phosphate group becomes
ADP
ATP is composed of - Answer ribose (a sugar), adenine (a nitrogenous base), and three
phosphate groups
Coupled reactions - Answer Energy releasing action usually in the form of ATP breakdown
Release of ATP+P causes myosin to change shape and cause muscle movement
What do plants and other living organisms need for food - Answer Photosynthesis
What is photosynthesis - Answer Solar energy used to convert water and carbon dioxide into
carbohydrates
What is cellular respiration? - Answer Carbohydrates broken down and energy used to build
ATP
Metabolic pathway - Answer series of linked reactions, beginning with a particular reactant
and terminating with an end product
The letters A-G= Substrates
The letters E1-E6= Enzymes
What are enzymes - Answer Act on substrates
May facilitate breakdown of synthesis reactions
A change in shape facilitates the reaction
Enzyme inhibition - Answer occurs when an active enzyme is prevented from combining with
its substrate
,Plasma membrane - Answer A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer some substances
pass freely, some transported, some prohibited
What are the 3 ways to enter through a plasma membrane by cell transport - Answer Passive
transport
Active transport
Bulk transport
Passive Transport (Diffusion) - Answer Requires no energy to move molecules from high to low
concentration
Active transport - Answer Substances move from lower concentration to high concentration-
Requires energy
Bulk transport - Answer movement independent of gradients, additional energy required
Osmosis - Answer Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. From high to
low concentration
Isotonic solution - Answer cell stays the same
Hypotonic solution - Answer Concentration of water outside cell great than inside cell.-Cell will
swell
Hypertonic solution - Answer Concentration of water outside cell less than inside cell- Cell will
shrink
Exocytosis - Answer Movement out of a cell
Endocytosis - Answer Movement into a cell
Phagocytosis - Answer Cell surrounds, engulfs, and digests particle
, What are the 4 stages of cellular respiration - Answer glycolysis, preparatory reaction, citric
acid cycle, electron transport chain
Glycolysis - Answer Start with a glucose
End with 2 3-carbon pyruvate
Net gain for 2 ATP
How many ATP for: Glycolysis, Fermentation, and Citric Acid Cycle - Answer Glycolysis=2
Fermentation=2
Citric Acid Cycle=2
36-38 Total
Phases of Kreb Cycle - Answer Glycolysis: NADH: 2 FADH:0 ATP Yield: 2
Prep reaction: NADH: 2 FADH: 0 ATP Yield: 0
Citric Acid: NADH: 6 FADH: 2 ATP Yield: 2
Electron Tran.
Chain NADH: 10--------------ATP Yield: 34
Total:38
Meiosis 2 major functions - Answer Reducing chromosome number
Shuffling chromosomes in the cell to produce genetically different gametes
Homologous chromosomes - Answer Members of a pair of chromosomes
Also called homologues
Have the same size, shape, and construction (location of centromere)
Contain the same genes for the same traits
