LUNGS
Disorder/ disease Patho S&S Objective findings
Asthma Narrowing & SOB Pursed lip breathing
inflammation of Chest tightness Wheezing
airways with extra Wheezing Labored, noisy
mucus breathing
Crackles
Atelectasis Complete or partial SOB Unequal chest
collapse of lung expansion
Bronchitis Swelling & Cough Increased white/ clear
inflammation of sputum
bronchi + mucus Labored & noisy
breathing
Crackles
Wheezing
Chronic obstructive Bronchitis + Dyspnea (difficulty Poor nutritional status
pulmonary disease emphysema taking a deep breath) (weight loss OR
obesity)
Pursed lip breathing
Tripod position
Ruddy/ purple
complexion
Decreased chest
expansion at base of
lungs
Barrel chest
Emphysema Enlargement of alveoli SOB Pursed lip breathing
Barrel chest
Hyperresonance
Wheezes
Decreased fremitus
Limited diaphragmatic
descent
Diminished inspiratory
breath sounds
Pneumonia Infection of alveoli + Fever Rust sputum
mucus or pus Chills Unequal chest
SOB expansion
Feeling tired Dullness
Difficulty breathing in Bronchophony
Crackles (late
inspiration)
, Tachypnea
Pleural effusion Collection of fluid b/w SOB Decreased fremitus
lungs and pleural space Sharp chest pain Dullness
Cough Diminished breath
sounds
Unequal chest
expansion
Pulmonary embolism Blood clot mostly bc of
Chest pain (sharp, Tachycardia
DVT stabbing) Crackles, wheezes
Hemoptysis
Light-headedness
Difficulty breathing in
Pneumothorax Air trapped b/w lungs SOB Decreased fremitus
and pleural space Hyperresonance
Diminished breath
sounds
Tuberculosis Bacterial infection Cough Purulent/ rust sputum
Fever
Weight loss
Night sweats
HEART AND PERIPHERAL VASCULAR
Disorder/ disease Patho S&S Objective findings
Asthma Narrowing & SOB Pursed lip breathing
inflammation of Chest tightness Wheezing
airways with extra Wheezing Labored, noisy
mucus breathing
Crackles
Atelectasis Complete or partial SOB Unequal chest
collapse of lung expansion
Bronchitis Swelling & Cough Increased white/ clear
inflammation of sputum
bronchi + mucus Labored & noisy
breathing
Crackles
Wheezing
Chronic obstructive Bronchitis + Dyspnea (difficulty Poor nutritional status
pulmonary disease emphysema taking a deep breath) (weight loss OR
obesity)
Pursed lip breathing
Tripod position
Ruddy/ purple
complexion
Decreased chest
expansion at base of
lungs
Barrel chest
Emphysema Enlargement of alveoli SOB Pursed lip breathing
Barrel chest
Hyperresonance
Wheezes
Decreased fremitus
Limited diaphragmatic
descent
Diminished inspiratory
breath sounds
Pneumonia Infection of alveoli + Fever Rust sputum
mucus or pus Chills Unequal chest
SOB expansion
Feeling tired Dullness
Difficulty breathing in Bronchophony
Crackles (late
inspiration)
, Tachypnea
Pleural effusion Collection of fluid b/w SOB Decreased fremitus
lungs and pleural space Sharp chest pain Dullness
Cough Diminished breath
sounds
Unequal chest
expansion
Pulmonary embolism Blood clot mostly bc of
Chest pain (sharp, Tachycardia
DVT stabbing) Crackles, wheezes
Hemoptysis
Light-headedness
Difficulty breathing in
Pneumothorax Air trapped b/w lungs SOB Decreased fremitus
and pleural space Hyperresonance
Diminished breath
sounds
Tuberculosis Bacterial infection Cough Purulent/ rust sputum
Fever
Weight loss
Night sweats
HEART AND PERIPHERAL VASCULAR
