PHARMA (3-16) EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
Arrange the processes of pharmacokinetics in the order in which they occur.
1.Excretion
2.Biotransformation
3.Distribution
4.Absorption.
1.
Absorption
2.Distribution
3.Biotransformation
4.Excretion
The first step in the process of pharmacokinetics is absorption. The drug moves from
the gastrointestinal tract to body fluids by passive absorption, active absorption, or
pinocytosis. The absorbed drug is distributed by blood flow, the tissue's affinity for the
drug, and the protein-binding effect. The distributed drug undergoes metabolism or
biotransformation in various organs of the body; however, the liver is the primary site of
metabolism. The kidneys filter free, unbound drugs, water-soluble drugs, and drugs that
are unchanged through the process of elimination or excretion.
Which effect is achieved when naloxone is administered to a patient who has overdosed
on morphine?
1
Additive
2
,Negative
3
Synergistic
4
Antagonistic
Antagonistic
When the patient is known to have a morphine overdose, naloxone is known to have an
antagonistic effect because each drug will cancel the effect of the other. When two
drugs are administered in combination, and the response is increased beyond what
either could produce alone, the drug interaction is called an additive effect. There is not
a negative effect between naloxone and morphine. When two or more drugs are given
together, one drug can have a synergistic effect on another.
Which pharmacokinetic phase is affected by a compromised renal system?
1
Absorption
2
Metabolism
3
Excretion
4
Distribution
excretion
The kidneys are the primary organs responsible for excreting drugs from the body.
Impaired kidneys often lead to compromised excretion and may result in increased toxic
levels of drug in the blood stream. Absorption occurs through various parts of the body
apart from the kidneys. Kidneys are not responsible for metabolism and distribution of
the drug in the body.
,Which term is used to describe the biotransformation of a drug?
1
Distribution
2
Excretion
3
Absorption
4
Metabolism
Metabolism
The pharmacokinetic phase includes four processes: (1) absorption, (2) distribution, (3)
metabolism (biotransformation), and (4) excretion (elimination). Metabolism connotes a
breakdown of a product. Biotransformation is a more accurate term because some
drugs are actually changed into an active form in the liver, in contrast to being broken
down for excretion. The terms absorption, distribution, and excretion are not used to
describe the process of biotransformation of a drug.
Which drug delays the renal excretion of penicillin?
1
Ibuprofen
2
Fenoprofen
3
Flurbiprofen
4
, Probenecid
probenecid
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed digoxin once daily. Which
information would the nurse consider when administering this medication?
1
The body eliminates excess digoxin within 1 day.
2
The patient must be monitored frequently for drug toxicity.
3
The drug has a half-life of 12 hours in patients with normal renal function.
4
The body reaches a steady state of drug concentration in 3 days.
The patient must be monitored frequently for drug toxicity.
The nurse must assess the patient's renal function and monitor the patient frequently for
drug toxicity. Digoxin has a large volume of drug distribution and stays in the body for a
longer period of time. It has a long half-life of 36, not 12, hours in patients with normal
renal function. It takes several days, not 1 day, for the body to completely eliminate the
drug. For a patient with normal renal function it would take approximately 5 days to 1
week (three to five half-lives) rather than 3 days to reach a steady state of digoxin
concentration.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed a diuretic and a beta blocker
for the treatment of hypertension. Which effect would be attributed to the combination
of the drugs?
1
Additive drug effect
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
Arrange the processes of pharmacokinetics in the order in which they occur.
1.Excretion
2.Biotransformation
3.Distribution
4.Absorption.
1.
Absorption
2.Distribution
3.Biotransformation
4.Excretion
The first step in the process of pharmacokinetics is absorption. The drug moves from
the gastrointestinal tract to body fluids by passive absorption, active absorption, or
pinocytosis. The absorbed drug is distributed by blood flow, the tissue's affinity for the
drug, and the protein-binding effect. The distributed drug undergoes metabolism or
biotransformation in various organs of the body; however, the liver is the primary site of
metabolism. The kidneys filter free, unbound drugs, water-soluble drugs, and drugs that
are unchanged through the process of elimination or excretion.
Which effect is achieved when naloxone is administered to a patient who has overdosed
on morphine?
1
Additive
2
,Negative
3
Synergistic
4
Antagonistic
Antagonistic
When the patient is known to have a morphine overdose, naloxone is known to have an
antagonistic effect because each drug will cancel the effect of the other. When two
drugs are administered in combination, and the response is increased beyond what
either could produce alone, the drug interaction is called an additive effect. There is not
a negative effect between naloxone and morphine. When two or more drugs are given
together, one drug can have a synergistic effect on another.
Which pharmacokinetic phase is affected by a compromised renal system?
1
Absorption
2
Metabolism
3
Excretion
4
Distribution
excretion
The kidneys are the primary organs responsible for excreting drugs from the body.
Impaired kidneys often lead to compromised excretion and may result in increased toxic
levels of drug in the blood stream. Absorption occurs through various parts of the body
apart from the kidneys. Kidneys are not responsible for metabolism and distribution of
the drug in the body.
,Which term is used to describe the biotransformation of a drug?
1
Distribution
2
Excretion
3
Absorption
4
Metabolism
Metabolism
The pharmacokinetic phase includes four processes: (1) absorption, (2) distribution, (3)
metabolism (biotransformation), and (4) excretion (elimination). Metabolism connotes a
breakdown of a product. Biotransformation is a more accurate term because some
drugs are actually changed into an active form in the liver, in contrast to being broken
down for excretion. The terms absorption, distribution, and excretion are not used to
describe the process of biotransformation of a drug.
Which drug delays the renal excretion of penicillin?
1
Ibuprofen
2
Fenoprofen
3
Flurbiprofen
4
, Probenecid
probenecid
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed digoxin once daily. Which
information would the nurse consider when administering this medication?
1
The body eliminates excess digoxin within 1 day.
2
The patient must be monitored frequently for drug toxicity.
3
The drug has a half-life of 12 hours in patients with normal renal function.
4
The body reaches a steady state of drug concentration in 3 days.
The patient must be monitored frequently for drug toxicity.
The nurse must assess the patient's renal function and monitor the patient frequently for
drug toxicity. Digoxin has a large volume of drug distribution and stays in the body for a
longer period of time. It has a long half-life of 36, not 12, hours in patients with normal
renal function. It takes several days, not 1 day, for the body to completely eliminate the
drug. For a patient with normal renal function it would take approximately 5 days to 1
week (three to five half-lives) rather than 3 days to reach a steady state of digoxin
concentration.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed a diuretic and a beta blocker
for the treatment of hypertension. Which effect would be attributed to the combination
of the drugs?
1
Additive drug effect
