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Fluid & Electrolytes (Hurst Review)
Questions and Correct Answers/ Latest
Update / Already Graded
fluid volume excess/hypervolemia is ____ ____ ____ in the ______
space
Ans: too much fluid in the vascular space
possible causes of fluid volume excess include ____ failure and ____
failure
Ans: heart failure and kidney failure
how heart failure leads to fluid volume excess
Ans: heart is weak so cardiac output decreases, kidney perfusion
decreases, urinary output decreases and the volume stays in the vascular
space
how kidney failure leads to fluid volume excess
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Ans: kidneys are not filtering so fluid is not being excreted
3 things with a lot of sodium that cause vascular space to retain
water
Ans: effervescent soluble medications (ie. alka seltzer)
canned/processed foods
IVF with sodium
hormones that regulate fluid volume
Ans: Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
aldosterone is a _____ secreted by the ______ _______
Ans: a steroid secreted by the adrenal cortex
aldosterone's effect on fluid volume:
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when blood volume gets _____, aldosterone secretion ______ which
causes body to _______ sodium and water, so blood volume ______
Ans: when blood volume gets LOW, aldosterone secretion INCREASES
which causes body to RETAIN sodium and water, so blood volume
INCREASES
ADH effect on fluid volume:
retain _____ but not ____
Ans: retain water but not sodium
ADH = H2O
if there is TOO MUCH ADH:
retain ____ = fluid volume ____ = _ _ _ _ _
urine is ______ and blood is ______
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Ans: retain WATER = fluid volume EXCESS = SIADH
urine is CONCENTRATED and blood is DILUTED
*SIADH: too many letters = too much water
expected lab values in SIADH
Ans: decreased serum sodium
increased urine sodium
decresed hematocrit
increased urine specific gravity
if there is not enough ADH:
lose/diurese ____ = fluid volume _____ = ______ ______
urine is ____
blood is ____
Fluid & Electrolytes (Hurst Review)
Questions and Correct Answers/ Latest
Update / Already Graded
fluid volume excess/hypervolemia is ____ ____ ____ in the ______
space
Ans: too much fluid in the vascular space
possible causes of fluid volume excess include ____ failure and ____
failure
Ans: heart failure and kidney failure
how heart failure leads to fluid volume excess
Ans: heart is weak so cardiac output decreases, kidney perfusion
decreases, urinary output decreases and the volume stays in the vascular
space
how kidney failure leads to fluid volume excess
,2 | Page
Ans: kidneys are not filtering so fluid is not being excreted
3 things with a lot of sodium that cause vascular space to retain
water
Ans: effervescent soluble medications (ie. alka seltzer)
canned/processed foods
IVF with sodium
hormones that regulate fluid volume
Ans: Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
aldosterone is a _____ secreted by the ______ _______
Ans: a steroid secreted by the adrenal cortex
aldosterone's effect on fluid volume:
,3 | Page
when blood volume gets _____, aldosterone secretion ______ which
causes body to _______ sodium and water, so blood volume ______
Ans: when blood volume gets LOW, aldosterone secretion INCREASES
which causes body to RETAIN sodium and water, so blood volume
INCREASES
ADH effect on fluid volume:
retain _____ but not ____
Ans: retain water but not sodium
ADH = H2O
if there is TOO MUCH ADH:
retain ____ = fluid volume ____ = _ _ _ _ _
urine is ______ and blood is ______
, 4 | Page
Ans: retain WATER = fluid volume EXCESS = SIADH
urine is CONCENTRATED and blood is DILUTED
*SIADH: too many letters = too much water
expected lab values in SIADH
Ans: decreased serum sodium
increased urine sodium
decresed hematocrit
increased urine specific gravity
if there is not enough ADH:
lose/diurese ____ = fluid volume _____ = ______ ______
urine is ____
blood is ____
