NR 565 Final Exam
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1. Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma glucose concentration
greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL.
*Casual is defined as any time of day without regard to time since last meal.
The classic symptoms of diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained
weight loss.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus: b
2. Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL.
*Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hours.
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes: a
3. 2 hour post-load plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test greater
than or equal to 200 mg/dL. The test uses a glucose load containing the
equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus: b
4. HgbA1c greater than or equal to 6.5%
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes: a
5. Fasting plasma glucose 100 to 125 mg/dL (IFG) or
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes: b
6. Plasma glucose 140 to 199 mg/dL (IGT) 2 hours post-ingestion of standard
glucose load (75 g) or
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes: b
7. HgbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes: b
8. SGLT2i (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors): -ozin
9. Biguanides: Metformin (Glucophage)
10. DPP-4i (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors): - iptin
11. Sulfonylureas: - Gly or Gli
12. GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists): - glutides
13. TZD (Thiazolidinediones): - azone
14. Rapid onset insulin: aspart (Novolog), glulisine (apidra) and lispro (humalog)
15. Rapid acting onset: 5-30 minutes
16. rapid acting peak: 0.5 - 3 hours
17. rapid acting duration: 3-4 hours
, NR 565 Final Exam
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18. short acting insulin: Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
19. short acting onset: 30-60 min
20. short acting peak: 2-4 h
21. short acting duration: 3-7 h
22. intermediate acting insulin: Isophane (NPH)
23. intermediate acting onset: 1-2 hours
24. intermediate acting peak: 4-10 hours
25. intermediate acting duration: 10-16 h
26. long acting insulin: glargine (Lantus)
detemir (Levemir)
27. long acting onset: 1-2 hours
28. long acting peak: none
29. long acting duration: 20-24 h
30. fixed combination insulin: NPH mixed with regular or lisper or aspirate
31. fixed combination onset: 5-60 minutes
32. fixed combination peak: dual
33. fixed combination duration: 16 h
34. TSH is low, free T4 is high and T3 is normal: Etiology can be related to
exogenous T4 ingestion, a concurrent non-thyroidal illness, or amiodarone-induced
thyroid dysfunction.
35. Serum TSH is normal or elevated, and free T4 and T3 are elevated: Possibility
of a TSH producing pituitary tumor, which would need to be evaluated further with
magnetic resonance imaging.
36. TSH is low, the free T4 is normal and the serum T3 is high: Primary hyper-
thyroidism. However, other reasons for this thyroid function test abnormality could
be exogenous T3 ingestion, or a functioning adenoma.
37. Which of the following agents is the first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism
or Grave's disease?
a. Metoprolol
b. Methimazole
c. Allopurinol
d. Levothyroxine: b
38. Which of the following agents is the preferred treatment option for thyroid
storm?
a. Iodine-131
b. Methylphenidate
c. Levothyroxine
d. PTU: d
, NR 565 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gp7dnm
39. Which laboratory tests should be completed before prescribing methima-
zole? Select all that apply.
a. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
b. CMP
c. free thyroxine (T4)
d. free triiodothyronine (T3)
e. CBC
f. LFTs: a, c, d, e, f
40. Sabrina is seen one year later and reports that she has developed atrial
fibrillation and was put on warfarin by a new cardiologist. What monitoring
concerns are associated with taking warfarin?
a. Vitamin K
b. INR
c. Creatinine
d. Lipid Panel: b
41. Which of the following agents is the first-line treatment for hyothyroidism?
a. Methimazole
b. Allopurinol
c. Metoprolol
d. Levothyroxine: d
42. Hypothyroid treatment in infants: Hormone replacement therapy should last
3 years and then stop for 4 weeks to allow for follow-up testing.
43. Hypothyroid treatment in pregnancy: Should be screened and treated as
soon as possible and may require increased dosages for a period of 4-12 weeks.
44. hypothyroid treatment in adults: Lifelong hormone replacement is needed.
45. Cecilia is started on levothyroxine 100 micrograms daily. When should her
TSH be re-checked?
a. 6 weeks
b. 8 weeks
c. 4 weeks
d. 2 weeks: a
46. Once her labs reveal that her thyroid is euthyroid and her dose can be main-
tained at the current level, at what interval should her TSH be re-checked?
a. every 12 months
b. every 18 months
c. every 6 months
d. every 24 months: a
47. What medications reduce the absorption of levothyroxine: Histamine 2 (H2)
receptor blockers (e.g., cimetidine [Tagamet])
, NR 565 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gp7dnm
Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., lansoprazole [Prevacid])
Sucralfate (Carafate)
Colestipol (Colestid)
Aluminum-containing antacids (e.g., Maalox, Mylanta),
Calcium supplements (e.g., Tums, Os-Cal)
Iron supplements (e.g., ferrous sulfate)
Magnesium salts
Orlistat (Xenical)
48. What medications accelerate the absorption of levothyroxine: Phenytoin
(Dilantin)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbatrol)
Rifampin (Rifadin)
Sertraline (Zoloft)
Phenobarbital
49. Drugs whose metabolism is altered by levothyroxine: Warfarin
Catecholamines
Insulin
Digoxin
50. Therapeutic effects of radioactive iodine: Suppression of thyroid hormone
production in preparation for subtotal thyroidectomy. Also used to suppress thyroid
hormone release in patients experiencing thyroid storm.
51. therapeutic effects of levothyroxine: Resolution of signs and symptoms of
hypothyroidism and restoration of normal laboratory values for serum thyroid-stim-
ulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4).
52. therapeutic effects of methimazole: (1) Reduction of thyroid hormone produc-
tion in Graves' disease,
2) control of hyperthyroidism until the effects of radiation on the thyroid become
manifest
(3) suppression of thyroid hormone production before subtotal thyroidectomy
(4) treatment of thyrotoxic crisis.
53. baseline required laboratory data for radioactive iodine: Obtain serum levels
of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (T3), and free thyroxine
(T4)
54. baseline required laboratory data for methimazole: Obtain serum levels of
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (T3), and free thyroxine
(T4). Check baseline CBC and LFTs prior to initiation.
55. baseline required laboratory data for levothyroxine: Obtain serum levels of
TSH and free T4.
56. correct monitoring actions for radioactive iodine: none
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gp7dnm
1. Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma glucose concentration
greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL.
*Casual is defined as any time of day without regard to time since last meal.
The classic symptoms of diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained
weight loss.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus: b
2. Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL.
*Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hours.
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes: a
3. 2 hour post-load plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test greater
than or equal to 200 mg/dL. The test uses a glucose load containing the
equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus: b
4. HgbA1c greater than or equal to 6.5%
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes: a
5. Fasting plasma glucose 100 to 125 mg/dL (IFG) or
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes: b
6. Plasma glucose 140 to 199 mg/dL (IGT) 2 hours post-ingestion of standard
glucose load (75 g) or
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes: b
7. HgbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes: b
8. SGLT2i (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors): -ozin
9. Biguanides: Metformin (Glucophage)
10. DPP-4i (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors): - iptin
11. Sulfonylureas: - Gly or Gli
12. GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists): - glutides
13. TZD (Thiazolidinediones): - azone
14. Rapid onset insulin: aspart (Novolog), glulisine (apidra) and lispro (humalog)
15. Rapid acting onset: 5-30 minutes
16. rapid acting peak: 0.5 - 3 hours
17. rapid acting duration: 3-4 hours
, NR 565 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gp7dnm
18. short acting insulin: Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
19. short acting onset: 30-60 min
20. short acting peak: 2-4 h
21. short acting duration: 3-7 h
22. intermediate acting insulin: Isophane (NPH)
23. intermediate acting onset: 1-2 hours
24. intermediate acting peak: 4-10 hours
25. intermediate acting duration: 10-16 h
26. long acting insulin: glargine (Lantus)
detemir (Levemir)
27. long acting onset: 1-2 hours
28. long acting peak: none
29. long acting duration: 20-24 h
30. fixed combination insulin: NPH mixed with regular or lisper or aspirate
31. fixed combination onset: 5-60 minutes
32. fixed combination peak: dual
33. fixed combination duration: 16 h
34. TSH is low, free T4 is high and T3 is normal: Etiology can be related to
exogenous T4 ingestion, a concurrent non-thyroidal illness, or amiodarone-induced
thyroid dysfunction.
35. Serum TSH is normal or elevated, and free T4 and T3 are elevated: Possibility
of a TSH producing pituitary tumor, which would need to be evaluated further with
magnetic resonance imaging.
36. TSH is low, the free T4 is normal and the serum T3 is high: Primary hyper-
thyroidism. However, other reasons for this thyroid function test abnormality could
be exogenous T3 ingestion, or a functioning adenoma.
37. Which of the following agents is the first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism
or Grave's disease?
a. Metoprolol
b. Methimazole
c. Allopurinol
d. Levothyroxine: b
38. Which of the following agents is the preferred treatment option for thyroid
storm?
a. Iodine-131
b. Methylphenidate
c. Levothyroxine
d. PTU: d
, NR 565 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gp7dnm
39. Which laboratory tests should be completed before prescribing methima-
zole? Select all that apply.
a. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
b. CMP
c. free thyroxine (T4)
d. free triiodothyronine (T3)
e. CBC
f. LFTs: a, c, d, e, f
40. Sabrina is seen one year later and reports that she has developed atrial
fibrillation and was put on warfarin by a new cardiologist. What monitoring
concerns are associated with taking warfarin?
a. Vitamin K
b. INR
c. Creatinine
d. Lipid Panel: b
41. Which of the following agents is the first-line treatment for hyothyroidism?
a. Methimazole
b. Allopurinol
c. Metoprolol
d. Levothyroxine: d
42. Hypothyroid treatment in infants: Hormone replacement therapy should last
3 years and then stop for 4 weeks to allow for follow-up testing.
43. Hypothyroid treatment in pregnancy: Should be screened and treated as
soon as possible and may require increased dosages for a period of 4-12 weeks.
44. hypothyroid treatment in adults: Lifelong hormone replacement is needed.
45. Cecilia is started on levothyroxine 100 micrograms daily. When should her
TSH be re-checked?
a. 6 weeks
b. 8 weeks
c. 4 weeks
d. 2 weeks: a
46. Once her labs reveal that her thyroid is euthyroid and her dose can be main-
tained at the current level, at what interval should her TSH be re-checked?
a. every 12 months
b. every 18 months
c. every 6 months
d. every 24 months: a
47. What medications reduce the absorption of levothyroxine: Histamine 2 (H2)
receptor blockers (e.g., cimetidine [Tagamet])
, NR 565 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gp7dnm
Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., lansoprazole [Prevacid])
Sucralfate (Carafate)
Colestipol (Colestid)
Aluminum-containing antacids (e.g., Maalox, Mylanta),
Calcium supplements (e.g., Tums, Os-Cal)
Iron supplements (e.g., ferrous sulfate)
Magnesium salts
Orlistat (Xenical)
48. What medications accelerate the absorption of levothyroxine: Phenytoin
(Dilantin)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbatrol)
Rifampin (Rifadin)
Sertraline (Zoloft)
Phenobarbital
49. Drugs whose metabolism is altered by levothyroxine: Warfarin
Catecholamines
Insulin
Digoxin
50. Therapeutic effects of radioactive iodine: Suppression of thyroid hormone
production in preparation for subtotal thyroidectomy. Also used to suppress thyroid
hormone release in patients experiencing thyroid storm.
51. therapeutic effects of levothyroxine: Resolution of signs and symptoms of
hypothyroidism and restoration of normal laboratory values for serum thyroid-stim-
ulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4).
52. therapeutic effects of methimazole: (1) Reduction of thyroid hormone produc-
tion in Graves' disease,
2) control of hyperthyroidism until the effects of radiation on the thyroid become
manifest
(3) suppression of thyroid hormone production before subtotal thyroidectomy
(4) treatment of thyrotoxic crisis.
53. baseline required laboratory data for radioactive iodine: Obtain serum levels
of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (T3), and free thyroxine
(T4)
54. baseline required laboratory data for methimazole: Obtain serum levels of
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (T3), and free thyroxine
(T4). Check baseline CBC and LFTs prior to initiation.
55. baseline required laboratory data for levothyroxine: Obtain serum levels of
TSH and free T4.
56. correct monitoring actions for radioactive iodine: none
