NUR212/NUR 212 MIDTERM2 EXAM AND STUDY
GUIDE LATEST 2024-2025 ALL 160 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A
Which nursing intervention is most appropriate in providing care for an adult patient with newly
diagnosed adult onset polycystic kidney disease (PKD)?
A. Help the patient cope with the rapid progression of the disease.
B. Suggest genetic counseling resources for the children of the patient.
C. Implement appropriate measures for the patient's deafness and blindness.
D. Expect the patient to have polyuria and poor concentration ability of the kidneys. - CORRECT
ANSWER-B. Suggest genetic counseling resources for the children of the patient.
Rationale:
PKD is one of the most common genetic diseases. The adult form of PKD may range from a relatively mild
disease to one that progresses to chronic kidney disease. Polyuria, deafness, and blindness are not
associated with PKD.
The nurse is caring for a patient with a nephrostomy tube. The tube has stopped draining. What orders
does the nurse anticipate?
A. Keep the patient on bed rest.
B. Use 5 mL of sterile saline to irrigate.
C. Use 30 mL of water to gently irrigate.
D. Have the patient turn from side to side. - CORRECT ANSWER-B. Use 5 mL of sterile saline to
irrigate.
Rationale:
With a nephrostomy tube, if the tube is occluded and irrigation is ordered, the nurse should use 5 mL or
less of sterile saline to gently irrigate it. The patient with a ureteral catheter may be kept on bed rest
after insertion, but this is unrelated to obstruction. Only sterile solutions are used to irrigate any type of
urinary catheter. With a suprapubic catheter, the patient should be instructed to turn from side to side to
ensure patency.
What is the nurse's priority when changing the appliance for a patient with an ileal conduit? A.
Keep the skin free of urine.
,B. Inspect the peristomal area.
C. Cleanse and dry the area gently.
D. Affix the appliance to the faceplate. - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Keep the skin free of urine.
Rationale:
The nurse's priority is to keep the skin free of urine because the peristomal skin is at high risk for damage
from the urine if it is alkaline. The peristomal area will be assessed; the area will be gently cleaned and
dried, and the appliance will be affixed to the faceplate if one is being used, but these are not as much of
a priority as keeping the skin free of urine to prevent skin damage.
The nurse is caring for a 62-yr-old woman taking tolterodine (Detrol) to treat urinary urgency and
incontinence. Which instruction should be included in the discharge plan?
A. "Stop smoking for 2 to 3 weeks before starting this medication."
B. "Suck on sugarless candy or chew sugarless gum if you develop a dry mouth."
C. "Have your vision checked every 6 months because this drug can cause cataracts."
D. "Ask your provider to prescribe an extended-release form if you have loose stools." - CORRECT
ANSWER-B. "Suck on sugarless candy or chew sugarless gum if you develop a dry mouth."
Rationale:
Dry mouth is a common side effect of tolterodine. Patients can suck on hard candy or ice chips or chew
gum if dry mouth occurs. Tobacco use does not affect the initiation of this medication. Visual changes
(but not cataracts) can occur while taking this medication. Constipation may occur as a side effect of this
medication.
A patient is admitted to the emergency department (ED) with fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat,
headache, malaise, joint pain, and diarrhea. What nursing actions will help identify the need for further
assessment of the cause of this patient's manifestations if the nurse suspects the patient is at risk for HIV
infection? (Select all that apply.)
A. Assessment of lung sounds
B. Reviewing living conditions
C. Assessment of sexual behavior
D. Assessment of drug and syringe use
,E. Evaluating for exposure to an ill person - CORRECT ANSWER-C. Assessment of sexual behavior D.
Assessment of drug and syringe use
Rationale:
With these symptoms, assessing this patient's sexual behavior and possible exposure to shared drug
equipment will identify if further assessment for HIV infection should be made or the manifestations are
from some other illness (e.g., lung sounds and living conditions may indicate further testing for TB).
A patient has human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the viral load is reported as
undetectable. What patient teaching should be provided by the nurse related to this laboratory study
result?
A. The patient has the virus but the infection is well controlled.
B. The syndrome has been cured, and the patient can discontinue all medications.
C. The patient will be prescribed lower doses of antiretroviral medications for 2 months.
D. The patient is not taking antiretrovirals and needs to be taught the benefits of therapy. - CORRECT
ANSWER-A. The patient has the virus but the infection is well controlled.
Rationale:
In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, viral loads are reported as real numbers of copies/μL
or as undetectable. "Undetectable" indicates that the viral load is lower than the test is able to report.
"Undetectable" indicates that the patient still has the virus, but the virus is well controlled.
The patient is diagnosed with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection in a surgical wound.
What infection precautions should the nurse use to prevent transmission of the infection to others?
A. Droplet precautions
B. Contact precautions
C. Airborne precautions
D. Standard precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-B. Contact precautions
, Rationale:
Contact precautions are used to minimize the spread of pathogens that are acquired from direct or
indirect contact. Droplet precautions are used with pathogens that are spread through the air at close
contact and that affect the respiratory system or mucous membranes (e.g., influenza, pertussis).
Airborne precautions are used if the organism can cause infection over long distances when suspended
in the air (e.g., tuberculosis, rubeola). Standard precautions are used with all patients and included in the
transmission-based precautions above.
A pregnant woman who was tested and diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is
upset. What should the nurse teach this patient about her baby's risk of being born with HIV infection?
A. "The baby will be infected with HIV."
B. "Having a cesarean section will keep your baby from having HIV."
C. "Treatment with antiretroviral therapy will decrease the baby's chance of HIV infection."
D. "The duration and frequency of contact with the organism will determine if the baby gets HIV
infection." - CORRECT ANSWER-C. "Treatment with antiretroviral therapy will decrease the baby's
chance of HIV infection."
Rationale:
On average, 25% of infants born to women with untreated HIV will be born with HIV. The risk of
transmission is reduced to less than 2% if the infected pregnant woman is treated with antiretroviral
therapy. Duration and frequency of contact with the HIV organism is one variable that influences
whether transmission of HIV occurs. Volume, virulence, and concentration of the organism as well as
host immune status are variables related to transmission via blood, semen, vaginal secretions, or breast
milk.
A heterosexual patient is concerned that they may contract human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from a
bisexual partner. What should the nurse include when teaching about preexposure prophylaxis? (Select
all that apply.)
A. Take fluconazole (Diflucan).
B. Take amphotericin B (Fungizone).
C. Use condoms for risk-reducing sexual relations.
GUIDE LATEST 2024-2025 ALL 160 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A
Which nursing intervention is most appropriate in providing care for an adult patient with newly
diagnosed adult onset polycystic kidney disease (PKD)?
A. Help the patient cope with the rapid progression of the disease.
B. Suggest genetic counseling resources for the children of the patient.
C. Implement appropriate measures for the patient's deafness and blindness.
D. Expect the patient to have polyuria and poor concentration ability of the kidneys. - CORRECT
ANSWER-B. Suggest genetic counseling resources for the children of the patient.
Rationale:
PKD is one of the most common genetic diseases. The adult form of PKD may range from a relatively mild
disease to one that progresses to chronic kidney disease. Polyuria, deafness, and blindness are not
associated with PKD.
The nurse is caring for a patient with a nephrostomy tube. The tube has stopped draining. What orders
does the nurse anticipate?
A. Keep the patient on bed rest.
B. Use 5 mL of sterile saline to irrigate.
C. Use 30 mL of water to gently irrigate.
D. Have the patient turn from side to side. - CORRECT ANSWER-B. Use 5 mL of sterile saline to
irrigate.
Rationale:
With a nephrostomy tube, if the tube is occluded and irrigation is ordered, the nurse should use 5 mL or
less of sterile saline to gently irrigate it. The patient with a ureteral catheter may be kept on bed rest
after insertion, but this is unrelated to obstruction. Only sterile solutions are used to irrigate any type of
urinary catheter. With a suprapubic catheter, the patient should be instructed to turn from side to side to
ensure patency.
What is the nurse's priority when changing the appliance for a patient with an ileal conduit? A.
Keep the skin free of urine.
,B. Inspect the peristomal area.
C. Cleanse and dry the area gently.
D. Affix the appliance to the faceplate. - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Keep the skin free of urine.
Rationale:
The nurse's priority is to keep the skin free of urine because the peristomal skin is at high risk for damage
from the urine if it is alkaline. The peristomal area will be assessed; the area will be gently cleaned and
dried, and the appliance will be affixed to the faceplate if one is being used, but these are not as much of
a priority as keeping the skin free of urine to prevent skin damage.
The nurse is caring for a 62-yr-old woman taking tolterodine (Detrol) to treat urinary urgency and
incontinence. Which instruction should be included in the discharge plan?
A. "Stop smoking for 2 to 3 weeks before starting this medication."
B. "Suck on sugarless candy or chew sugarless gum if you develop a dry mouth."
C. "Have your vision checked every 6 months because this drug can cause cataracts."
D. "Ask your provider to prescribe an extended-release form if you have loose stools." - CORRECT
ANSWER-B. "Suck on sugarless candy or chew sugarless gum if you develop a dry mouth."
Rationale:
Dry mouth is a common side effect of tolterodine. Patients can suck on hard candy or ice chips or chew
gum if dry mouth occurs. Tobacco use does not affect the initiation of this medication. Visual changes
(but not cataracts) can occur while taking this medication. Constipation may occur as a side effect of this
medication.
A patient is admitted to the emergency department (ED) with fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat,
headache, malaise, joint pain, and diarrhea. What nursing actions will help identify the need for further
assessment of the cause of this patient's manifestations if the nurse suspects the patient is at risk for HIV
infection? (Select all that apply.)
A. Assessment of lung sounds
B. Reviewing living conditions
C. Assessment of sexual behavior
D. Assessment of drug and syringe use
,E. Evaluating for exposure to an ill person - CORRECT ANSWER-C. Assessment of sexual behavior D.
Assessment of drug and syringe use
Rationale:
With these symptoms, assessing this patient's sexual behavior and possible exposure to shared drug
equipment will identify if further assessment for HIV infection should be made or the manifestations are
from some other illness (e.g., lung sounds and living conditions may indicate further testing for TB).
A patient has human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the viral load is reported as
undetectable. What patient teaching should be provided by the nurse related to this laboratory study
result?
A. The patient has the virus but the infection is well controlled.
B. The syndrome has been cured, and the patient can discontinue all medications.
C. The patient will be prescribed lower doses of antiretroviral medications for 2 months.
D. The patient is not taking antiretrovirals and needs to be taught the benefits of therapy. - CORRECT
ANSWER-A. The patient has the virus but the infection is well controlled.
Rationale:
In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, viral loads are reported as real numbers of copies/μL
or as undetectable. "Undetectable" indicates that the viral load is lower than the test is able to report.
"Undetectable" indicates that the patient still has the virus, but the virus is well controlled.
The patient is diagnosed with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection in a surgical wound.
What infection precautions should the nurse use to prevent transmission of the infection to others?
A. Droplet precautions
B. Contact precautions
C. Airborne precautions
D. Standard precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-B. Contact precautions
, Rationale:
Contact precautions are used to minimize the spread of pathogens that are acquired from direct or
indirect contact. Droplet precautions are used with pathogens that are spread through the air at close
contact and that affect the respiratory system or mucous membranes (e.g., influenza, pertussis).
Airborne precautions are used if the organism can cause infection over long distances when suspended
in the air (e.g., tuberculosis, rubeola). Standard precautions are used with all patients and included in the
transmission-based precautions above.
A pregnant woman who was tested and diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is
upset. What should the nurse teach this patient about her baby's risk of being born with HIV infection?
A. "The baby will be infected with HIV."
B. "Having a cesarean section will keep your baby from having HIV."
C. "Treatment with antiretroviral therapy will decrease the baby's chance of HIV infection."
D. "The duration and frequency of contact with the organism will determine if the baby gets HIV
infection." - CORRECT ANSWER-C. "Treatment with antiretroviral therapy will decrease the baby's
chance of HIV infection."
Rationale:
On average, 25% of infants born to women with untreated HIV will be born with HIV. The risk of
transmission is reduced to less than 2% if the infected pregnant woman is treated with antiretroviral
therapy. Duration and frequency of contact with the HIV organism is one variable that influences
whether transmission of HIV occurs. Volume, virulence, and concentration of the organism as well as
host immune status are variables related to transmission via blood, semen, vaginal secretions, or breast
milk.
A heterosexual patient is concerned that they may contract human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from a
bisexual partner. What should the nurse include when teaching about preexposure prophylaxis? (Select
all that apply.)
A. Take fluconazole (Diflucan).
B. Take amphotericin B (Fungizone).
C. Use condoms for risk-reducing sexual relations.
